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Intelligence Trajectories in Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome: Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities Mitigate Health and ADL Problems

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Title: Intelligence Trajectories in Adolescents and Adults with Down Syndrome: Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities Mitigate Health and ADL Problems
Language: English
Authors: Lifshit, Hefziba Batya (ORCID 0000-0002-4185-3945), Bustan, Noa, Shnitzer-Meirovich, Shlomit
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. Mar 2021 34(2):491-506.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2021
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Adolescents, Adults, Health Behavior, Life Style, Leisure Time, Intelligence, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Intelligence Tests, Health, Correlation
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Block Design Test, Raven Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
DOI: 10.1111/jar.12813
ISSN: 1360-2322
Abstract: Goals: This study examined: (a) crystallized/fluid intelligence trajectories of adolescents and adults with Down syndrome; and (b) the contribution of endogenous (health, activities of daily living--ADL) and exogenous (cognitively stimulating leisure activities) factors on adults' intelligence with age. Method: Four cohorts (N = 80) with Down syndrome participated: adolescents (ages 16-21) and adults (ages 30-45, 46-60 and 61+). All completed Vocabulary and Similarities (crystallized) and Block Design and Raven (fluid) intelligence tests (WAIS-IIIHEB, Wechsler, 2001). Results: The 30-45 cohort significantly outperformed the 16-21 cohort. Except for Vocabulary, which remained stable, onset of decline was at 40-50. Age-related declining health and ADL correlated with participants' lower fluid intelligence, but cognitive leisure activities mitigated this influence. Conclusions: Intelligence development into adulthood supported the continuous trajectory and compensation age theory, rather than accelerated or stable trajectories. Not only endogenous factors but also exogenous factors determined intelligence levels in adults with Down Syndrome, supporting cognitive activity theory.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1284961
Database: ERIC
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Abstract:Goals: This study examined: (a) crystallized/fluid intelligence trajectories of adolescents and adults with Down syndrome; and (b) the contribution of endogenous (health, activities of daily living--ADL) and exogenous (cognitively stimulating leisure activities) factors on adults' intelligence with age. Method: Four cohorts (N = 80) with Down syndrome participated: adolescents (ages 16-21) and adults (ages 30-45, 46-60 and 61+). All completed Vocabulary and Similarities (crystallized) and Block Design and Raven (fluid) intelligence tests (WAIS-IIIHEB, Wechsler, 2001). Results: The 30-45 cohort significantly outperformed the 16-21 cohort. Except for Vocabulary, which remained stable, onset of decline was at 40-50. Age-related declining health and ADL correlated with participants' lower fluid intelligence, but cognitive leisure activities mitigated this influence. Conclusions: Intelligence development into adulthood supported the continuous trajectory and compensation age theory, rather than accelerated or stable trajectories. Not only endogenous factors but also exogenous factors determined intelligence levels in adults with Down Syndrome, supporting cognitive activity theory.
ISSN:1360-2322
DOI:10.1111/jar.12813