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Relationships between the Middle School Concept and Student Demographics

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Title: Relationships between the Middle School Concept and Student Demographics
Language: English
Authors: Woods, Scott Christopher, Cromley, Jennifer Grace (ORCID 0000-0002-6479-9080), Hackmann, Donald Gene (ORCID 0000-0002-3869-1201)
Source: Journal of Educational Administration. 2020 58(3):265-281.
Availability: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emeraldinsight.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 17
Publication Date: 2020
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Elementary Education
Grade 5
Intermediate Grades
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
High Schools
Descriptors: Middle Schools, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Interdisciplinary Approach, Teamwork, Teacher Collaboration, Planning, Institutional Characteristics, Student Characteristics, Instructional Program Divisions, Racial Composition, Ethnicity, Academic Achievement, Educational Finance, Financial Support, Fiscal Capacity, Socioeconomic Status, Expenditure per Student
Geographic Terms: Illinois
DOI: 10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0071
ISSN: 0957-8234
Abstract: Purpose: This study explored implementation of the middle school concept (MSC) in Illinois middle-level schools, examining relationships between MSC implementation and schools' relative wealth, racial/ethnic composition, and achievement levels. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative study utilized a sample of 137 Illinois middle-level schools, defined as containing any combination of grades 5-9, including at least two consecutive grade levels and grade 7. Principals completed an online survey, identifying levels of implementation of advisory, teaming with common planning time (CPT), and a composite of both advisory and teaming with CPT. Findings: Schools with high advisory implementation had significantly higher rates of Latinx enrollments. Schools with lower operating expenditures per pupil were significantly less likely to implement advisory or advisory and teaming. Teaming had a significant relationship with composite PARCC test scores, but there was no significant effect for advisory and no significant interaction of advisory and teaming together. Practical implications: MSC is more expensive to implement, and affluent districts may have the financial means to absorb these costs. Although teaming facilitated improved state test scores, advisory programming did not result in significantly improved scores. Social implications: Lack of access to MSC programming in less affluent communities presents an equity issue for low-income students and students of color. Originality/value: This study contributes to research examining underlying issues of race and poverty and their effects on academic achievement and the effectiveness of the MSC.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2021
Accession Number: EJ1291684
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ1291684
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Relationships between the Middle School Concept and Student Demographics
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  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woods%2C+Scott+Christopher%22">Woods, Scott Christopher</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cromley%2C+Jennifer+Grace%22">Cromley, Jennifer Grace</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6479-9080">0000-0002-6479-9080</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hackmann%2C+Donald+Gene%22">Hackmann, Donald Gene</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-1201">0000-0002-3869-1201</externalLink>)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Educational+Administration%22"><i>Journal of Educational Administration</i></searchLink>. 2020 58(3):265-281.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emeraldinsight.com
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 17
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2020
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Intermediate+Grades%22">Intermediate Grades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+7%22">Grade 7</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+8%22">Grade 8</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+6%22">Grade 6</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+7%22">Grade 7</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+8%22">Grade 8</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interdisciplinary+Approach%22">Interdisciplinary Approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teamwork%22">Teamwork</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Collaboration%22">Teacher Collaboration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planning%22">Planning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Institutional+Characteristics%22">Institutional Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Program+Divisions%22">Instructional Program Divisions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Composition%22">Racial Composition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnicity%22">Ethnicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Finance%22">Educational Finance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Financial+Support%22">Financial Support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fiscal+Capacity%22">Fiscal Capacity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+Status%22">Socioeconomic Status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expenditure+per+Student%22">Expenditure per Student</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Illinois%22">Illinois</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0071
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0957-8234
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: This study explored implementation of the middle school concept (MSC) in Illinois middle-level schools, examining relationships between MSC implementation and schools' relative wealth, racial/ethnic composition, and achievement levels. Design/methodology/approach: This quantitative study utilized a sample of 137 Illinois middle-level schools, defined as containing any combination of grades 5-9, including at least two consecutive grade levels and grade 7. Principals completed an online survey, identifying levels of implementation of advisory, teaming with common planning time (CPT), and a composite of both advisory and teaming with CPT. Findings: Schools with high advisory implementation had significantly higher rates of Latinx enrollments. Schools with lower operating expenditures per pupil were significantly less likely to implement advisory or advisory and teaming. Teaming had a significant relationship with composite PARCC test scores, but there was no significant effect for advisory and no significant interaction of advisory and teaming together. Practical implications: MSC is more expensive to implement, and affluent districts may have the financial means to absorb these costs. Although teaming facilitated improved state test scores, advisory programming did not result in significantly improved scores. Social implications: Lack of access to MSC programming in less affluent communities presents an equity issue for low-income students and students of color. Originality/value: This study contributes to research examining underlying issues of race and poverty and their effects on academic achievement and the effectiveness of the MSC.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2021
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1291684
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1291684
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0071
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 265
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Middle Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 5
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 6
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 7
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 8
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interdisciplinary Approach
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teamwork
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Collaboration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Institutional Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Instructional Program Divisions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Racial Composition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethnicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Finance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Financial Support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fiscal Capacity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Expenditure per Student
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Illinois
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Relationships between the Middle School Concept and Student Demographics
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            NameFull: Cromley, Jennifer Grace
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            NameFull: Hackmann, Donald Gene
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