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How Many Braille Readers? Policy, Politics, and Perception

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Title: How Many Braille Readers? Policy, Politics, and Perception
Language: English
Authors: Sheffield, Rebecca M., D'Andrea, Frances M. (ORCID 0000-0002-3471-5077), Morash, Valerie, Chatfield, Sarah
Source: Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. Jan-Feb 2022 116(1):14-25.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2022
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Braille, Visual Impairments, Literacy, Blindness, Peer Evaluation, Journal Articles, Citations (References), Reading Materials, Statistics, Primary Sources, Partial Vision, Vocabulary, Policy
DOI: 10.1177/0145482X211071125
ISSN: 0145-482X
Abstract: Introduction: This study involved a systematic literature review to document the sources behind publications and citations that comprise knowledge about rates of braille usage/literacy among people with visual impairments in the United States. Methods: Predefined search criteria were used to extract publications that potentially mentioned claims about braille literacy and usage rates, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Systematic analyses narrowed the set of publications to a collection of 95 articles and manuscripts that made specific statements about the prevalence of braille readership. Results: The analysis revealed that even in peer-reviewed publications, many claims about braille literacy are made without citations to dependable sources. All identified citations used as the basis for braille literacy rates since the 1970s can be traced back to two primary sources: a National Library Service report from 1979 and the American Printing House for the Blind (APH) Federal Quota data (which should not be used as a source for braille literacy rates). Discussion: This research explains the source of the often-cited "10%" statistic. The findings also challenge the field to question the bases for statements about braille literacy rates, including asking, "What do we mean by braille literacy?" Implications for Practitioners: There is no current source of data that succinctly measures braille literacy rates in the United States, and there are no data that explain whether braille literacy rates are rising or declining. Making effective, data-based decisions requires asking the right questions and being informed readers of research in the field of visual impairment.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2022
Accession Number: EJ1340903
Database: ERIC
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  Data: How Many Braille Readers? Policy, Politics, and Perception
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sheffield%2C+Rebecca+M%2E%22">Sheffield, Rebecca M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Andrea%2C+Frances+M%2E%22">D'Andrea, Frances M.</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-5077">0000-0002-3471-5077</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morash%2C+Valerie%22">Morash, Valerie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chatfield%2C+Sarah%22">Chatfield, Sarah</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Visual+Impairment+%26+Blindness%22"><i>Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness</i></searchLink>. Jan-Feb 2022 116(1):14-25.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: http://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 12
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Braille%22">Braille</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+Impairments%22">Visual Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Literacy%22">Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blindness%22">Blindness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peer+Evaluation%22">Peer Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Journal+Articles%22">Journal Articles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Citations+%28References%29%22">Citations (References)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+Materials%22">Reading Materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Primary+Sources%22">Primary Sources</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Partial+Vision%22">Partial Vision</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary%22">Vocabulary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Policy%22">Policy</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/0145482X211071125
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  Data: 0145-482X
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: This study involved a systematic literature review to document the sources behind publications and citations that comprise knowledge about rates of braille usage/literacy among people with visual impairments in the United States. Methods: Predefined search criteria were used to extract publications that potentially mentioned claims about braille literacy and usage rates, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Systematic analyses narrowed the set of publications to a collection of 95 articles and manuscripts that made specific statements about the prevalence of braille readership. Results: The analysis revealed that even in peer-reviewed publications, many claims about braille literacy are made without citations to dependable sources. All identified citations used as the basis for braille literacy rates since the 1970s can be traced back to two primary sources: a National Library Service report from 1979 and the American Printing House for the Blind (APH) Federal Quota data (which should not be used as a source for braille literacy rates). Discussion: This research explains the source of the often-cited "10%" statistic. The findings also challenge the field to question the bases for statements about braille literacy rates, including asking, "What do we mean by braille literacy?" Implications for Practitioners: There is no current source of data that succinctly measures braille literacy rates in the United States, and there are no data that explain whether braille literacy rates are rising or declining. Making effective, data-based decisions requires asking the right questions and being informed readers of research in the field of visual impairment.
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        Value: 10.1177/0145482X211071125
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        PageCount: 12
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      – SubjectFull: Literacy
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      – SubjectFull: Peer Evaluation
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      – SubjectFull: Partial Vision
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      – SubjectFull: Policy
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      – TitleFull: How Many Braille Readers? Policy, Politics, and Perception
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