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Are Goats 'Chèvres,' 'Chévres,' 'Chevres,' and 'Chevres'? Unveiling the Orthographic Code of Diacritical Vowels

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Title: Are Goats 'Chèvres,' 'Chévres,' 'Chevres,' and 'Chevres'? Unveiling the Orthographic Code of Diacritical Vowels
Language: English
Authors: Labusch, Melanie, Massol, Stéphanie, Marcet, Ana, Perea, Manuel (ORCID 0000-0002-3291-1365)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Feb 2023 49(2):301-319.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2023
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Vowels, Distinctive Features (Language), French, Pronunciation, Word Recognition, Reading Processes, Alphabets, Suprasegmentals, Phonology, Phonemes, Comparative Analysis, Semantics, Classification, Task Analysis, Contrastive Linguistics, Reaction Time, Accuracy
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001212
ISSN: 0278-7393
1939-1285
Abstract: An often overlooked but fundamental issue for any comprehensive model of visual-word recognition is the representation of diacritical vowels: Do diacritical and nondiacritical vowels share their abstract letter representations? Recent research suggests that the answer is "yes" in languages where diacritics indicate suprasegmental information (e.g., lexical stress, as in cámara ['ka.ma.[voiced alveolar tap or flap]a] camera; Spanish), but "no" in languages where diacritics indicate segmental information such as a different phoneme (e.g., the German vowels ä /[open-mid front unrounded vowel]/ and a /a/). Here we examined this issue in French, a language that contains a complex set of diacritical vowels (e.g., for the letter e: é, è, ê, and ë). In Experiment 1, using a semantic categorization task, we compared the word identification times to intact diacritical words (e.g., chèvre, goat in English) with a condition with omitted diacritics (chevre). Results showed that the two conditions behaved similarly. In Experiments 2-4, we compared the intact diacritical words with a condition containing a mismatching diacritic, either existing in French (e.g., chévre, chevre) or not (the macron sign, as in chevre). We only found a reading cost when replacing the diacritic with an existing one. In Experiments 5-6, we compared the semantic categorization times to intact nondiacritical words (e.g., cheval, horse in English) versus a condition with an added diacritic, either existing (chèval) or not (cheval). We found a reading cost for the words with the added diacritical mark in both cases. We discuss how models of visual-word recognition can be modified to represent diacritical vowels.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2023
Accession Number: EJ1377760
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Are Goats 'Chèvres,' 'Chévres,' 'Chevres,' and 'Chevres'? Unveiling the Orthographic Code of Diacritical Vowels
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Labusch%2C+Melanie%22">Labusch, Melanie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Massol%2C+Stéphanie%22">Massol, Stéphanie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marcet%2C+Ana%22">Marcet, Ana</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perea%2C+Manuel%22">Perea, Manuel</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-1365">0000-0002-3291-1365</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. Feb 2023 49(2):301-319.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 19
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vowels%22">Vowels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distinctive+Features+%28Language%29%22">Distinctive Features (Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22French%22">French</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pronunciation%22">Pronunciation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Word+Recognition%22">Word Recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reading+Processes%22">Reading Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alphabets%22">Alphabets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suprasegmentals%22">Suprasegmentals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonology%22">Phonology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonemes%22">Phonemes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+Analysis%22">Comparative Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Semantics%22">Semantics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classification%22">Classification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+Analysis%22">Task Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Contrastive+Linguistics%22">Contrastive Linguistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+Time%22">Reaction Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/xlm0001212
– Name: ISSN
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  Data: 0278-7393<br />1939-1285
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: An often overlooked but fundamental issue for any comprehensive model of visual-word recognition is the representation of diacritical vowels: Do diacritical and nondiacritical vowels share their abstract letter representations? Recent research suggests that the answer is "yes" in languages where diacritics indicate suprasegmental information (e.g., lexical stress, as in cámara ['ka.ma.[voiced alveolar tap or flap]a] camera; Spanish), but "no" in languages where diacritics indicate segmental information such as a different phoneme (e.g., the German vowels ä /[open-mid front unrounded vowel]/ and a /a/). Here we examined this issue in French, a language that contains a complex set of diacritical vowels (e.g., for the letter e: é, è, ê, and ë). In Experiment 1, using a semantic categorization task, we compared the word identification times to intact diacritical words (e.g., chèvre, goat in English) with a condition with omitted diacritics (chevre). Results showed that the two conditions behaved similarly. In Experiments 2-4, we compared the intact diacritical words with a condition containing a mismatching diacritic, either existing in French (e.g., chévre, chevre) or not (the macron sign, as in chevre). We only found a reading cost when replacing the diacritic with an existing one. In Experiments 5-6, we compared the semantic categorization times to intact nondiacritical words (e.g., cheval, horse in English) versus a condition with an added diacritic, either existing (chèval) or not (cheval). We found a reading cost for the words with the added diacritical mark in both cases. We discuss how models of visual-word recognition can be modified to represent diacritical vowels.
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  Data: 2023
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      – TitleFull: Are Goats 'Chèvres,' 'Chévres,' 'Chevres,' and 'Chevres'? Unveiling the Orthographic Code of Diacritical Vowels
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