The Tact Is Being Emitted by the Child: Replicating and Extending Parity Research with English-Speaking, Typically Developing Children
Saved in:
| Title: | The Tact Is Being Emitted by the Child: Replicating and Extending Parity Research with English-Speaking, Typically Developing Children |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Samantha Bergmann (ORCID |
| Source: | Analysis of Verbal Behavior. 2024 40(2):153-176. |
| Availability: | Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/ |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 24 |
| Publication Date: | 2024 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Early Childhood Education Preschool Education |
| Descriptors: | Preschool Children, Preschool Education, Verbal Development, Responses, Learning Processes, Stimuli, Nonverbal Communication, Language Acquisition, Reinforcement, Imitation, Child Behavior, Observational Learning, Incidental Learning, Modeling (Psychology) |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40616-023-00188-x |
| ISSN: | 0889-9401 2196-8926 |
| Abstract: | Parity is one source of automatic reinforcement that increases the probability of verbal behavior that conforms to models provided by the verbal community. Parity as a conditioned reinforcer could explain the acquisition of grammar in the absence of direct, explicit reinforcement. This possibility has been explored in previous research on children's use of tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. In this study, we assessed the effects of modeling on the emission of passive-voice autoclitic frames using a pre- and post-test design with multiple training and testing phases. Thirteen children, aged 3 to 5 years, participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a control, model-only, or model-plus-vocal-imitation group. None of the participants in the control group emitted tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. Eighty percent of the participants in the model-only and model-plus-vocal-imitation groups emitted passive-voice autoclitic frames, but the degree of change varied across participants. We measured whether participants attempted to echo the experimenter's passive-voice model in training, and participants in the model-only condition were much more likely to echo the model than participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group; nevertheless, participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group emitted more tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames during testing phases. We discuss the results and mechanisms, including parity, which may account for these differences. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2025 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1463461 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Parity is one source of automatic reinforcement that increases the probability of verbal behavior that conforms to models provided by the verbal community. Parity as a conditioned reinforcer could explain the acquisition of grammar in the absence of direct, explicit reinforcement. This possibility has been explored in previous research on children's use of tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. In this study, we assessed the effects of modeling on the emission of passive-voice autoclitic frames using a pre- and post-test design with multiple training and testing phases. Thirteen children, aged 3 to 5 years, participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a control, model-only, or model-plus-vocal-imitation group. None of the participants in the control group emitted tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames. Eighty percent of the participants in the model-only and model-plus-vocal-imitation groups emitted passive-voice autoclitic frames, but the degree of change varied across participants. We measured whether participants attempted to echo the experimenter's passive-voice model in training, and participants in the model-only condition were much more likely to echo the model than participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group; nevertheless, participants in the model-plus-vocal-imitation group emitted more tacts with passive-voice autoclitic frames during testing phases. We discuss the results and mechanisms, including parity, which may account for these differences. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 0889-9401 2196-8926 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s40616-023-00188-x |
