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Gender Effects in Lexical and Morphosyntactic Acquisition of Arabic: A CDI Study

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Title: Gender Effects in Lexical and Morphosyntactic Acquisition of Arabic: A CDI Study
Language: English
Authors: Lina Hashoul-Essa (ORCID 0009-0004-7598-3950), Sharon Armon-Lotem (ORCID 0000-0003-3360-9472)
Source: First Language. 2025 45(3):231-259.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 29
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Arabic, Gender Differences, Morphology (Languages), Syntax, Language Acquisition, Foreign Countries, Vocabulary Development, Sociocultural Patterns, Measures (Individuals), Infants, Toddlers, Dialects, Language Skills
Geographic Terms: Palestine, Israel
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories
DOI: 10.1177/01427237251329971
ISSN: 0142-7237
1740-2344
Abstract: Research suggests that girls acquire language faster than boys, with gender differences most pronounced in vocabulary acquisition during early childhood. This study examines the role of gender in the acquisition of vocabulary and morphosyntax in Palestinian Arabic-speaking children aged 18 to 36 months. Using the Palestinian Arabic Communicative Development Inventories, this study analyzes lexical and morphosyntactic development in 1399 children, highlighting month-by-month differences between boys and girls. Significant gender differences favoring girls were observed in both lexical and morphosyntactic abilities, with girls outperforming boys in vocabulary production and morphosyntactic ability at various stages, even after excluding gendered words from the analysis; however, effect sizes were small. The gender gap diminished by 36 months. These findings align with previous studies on European languages and contribute to our understanding of early language acquisition in Arabic, suggesting that both biological and sociocultural factors may account for the observed gender differences.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1474310
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Gender Effects in Lexical and Morphosyntactic Acquisition of Arabic: A CDI Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lina+Hashoul-Essa%22">Lina Hashoul-Essa</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7598-3950">0009-0004-7598-3950</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharon+Armon-Lotem%22">Sharon Armon-Lotem</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3360-9472">0000-0003-3360-9472</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22First+Language%22"><i>First Language</i></searchLink>. 2025 45(3):231-259.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 29
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Arabic%22">Arabic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Morphology+%28Languages%29%22">Morphology (Languages)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Syntax%22">Syntax</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vocabulary+Development%22">Vocabulary Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociocultural+Patterns%22">Sociocultural Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infants%22">Infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers%22">Toddlers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dialects%22">Dialects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Skills%22">Language Skills</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Palestine%22">Palestine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Israel%22">Israel</searchLink>
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  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22MacArthur+Bates+Communicative+Development+Inventories%22">MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/01427237251329971
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  Data: 0142-7237<br />1740-2344
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Research suggests that girls acquire language faster than boys, with gender differences most pronounced in vocabulary acquisition during early childhood. This study examines the role of gender in the acquisition of vocabulary and morphosyntax in Palestinian Arabic-speaking children aged 18 to 36 months. Using the Palestinian Arabic Communicative Development Inventories, this study analyzes lexical and morphosyntactic development in 1399 children, highlighting month-by-month differences between boys and girls. Significant gender differences favoring girls were observed in both lexical and morphosyntactic abilities, with girls outperforming boys in vocabulary production and morphosyntactic ability at various stages, even after excluding gendered words from the analysis; however, effect sizes were small. The gender gap diminished by 36 months. These findings align with previous studies on European languages and contribute to our understanding of early language acquisition in Arabic, suggesting that both biological and sociocultural factors may account for the observed gender differences.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1474310
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        Value: 10.1177/01427237251329971
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 231
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Morphology (Languages)
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      – SubjectFull: Infants
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      – SubjectFull: Language Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Palestine
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      – SubjectFull: MacArthur Bates Communicative Development Inventories
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      – TitleFull: Gender Effects in Lexical and Morphosyntactic Acquisition of Arabic: A CDI Study
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            NameFull: Lina Hashoul-Essa
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            NameFull: Sharon Armon-Lotem
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