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Statistical Learning Dynamically Shapes Auditory Perception

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Title: Statistical Learning Dynamically Shapes Auditory Perception
Language: English
Authors: Sahil Luthra, Austin Luor, Adam T. Tierney, Frederic Dick, Lori L. Holt
Source: npj Science of Learning. 2025 10.
Availability: Nature Portfolio. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: National Institutes of Health (NIH) (DHHS)
National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE)
National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (BCS)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) (DHHS/NIH)
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R01DC004674
2414066
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Probability, Statistics, Expectation, Auditory Perception, Acoustics, Intonation, Bias, Sensory Experience, Attention, Stimuli
DOI: 10.1038/s41539-025-00328-z
ISSN: 2056-7936
Abstract: Humans implicitly pick up on probabilities of stimuli and events, yet it remains unclear how statistical learning builds expectations that affect perception. Across 29 experiments, we examine the influence of task-irrelevant distributions--defined across acoustic frequency--on both tone detection in noise and tone duration judgments. The shape and range of the frequency distributions impact suppression and enhancement effects, as does a given tone's position within the range. Perception adapts quickly to changing distributions, but past distributions influence future judgments. Massed exposure to a single frequency impacts perception along a range of subsequently encountered frequencies. A novel bias emerges as well: lower frequencies are perceived as longer and higher ones as shorter. Probability-driven learning dynamically shapes perception, driven by interacting influences of sensory processing, distributional learning, and selective attention that sculpt a gain function involving modest enhancement of more-likely stimuli, and robust suppression of less-likely stimuli.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/xdgnw
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1475202
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Nature Portfolio. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/
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  Data: Humans implicitly pick up on probabilities of stimuli and events, yet it remains unclear how statistical learning builds expectations that affect perception. Across 29 experiments, we examine the influence of task-irrelevant distributions--defined across acoustic frequency--on both tone detection in noise and tone duration judgments. The shape and range of the frequency distributions impact suppression and enhancement effects, as does a given tone's position within the range. Perception adapts quickly to changing distributions, but past distributions influence future judgments. Massed exposure to a single frequency impacts perception along a range of subsequently encountered frequencies. A novel bias emerges as well: lower frequencies are perceived as longer and higher ones as shorter. Probability-driven learning dynamically shapes perception, driven by interacting influences of sensory processing, distributional learning, and selective attention that sculpt a gain function involving modest enhancement of more-likely stimuli, and robust suppression of less-likely stimuli.
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