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Infection Control Measures in the Classroom during and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions

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Title: Infection Control Measures in the Classroom during and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions
Language: English
Authors: Tina Hascher (ORCID 0000-0003-2987-2470), Tanja Held (ORCID 0000-0001-6438-5622), Jakob Schnell (ORCID 0009-0000-5814-9199), Nicolas Banholzer (ORCID 0000-0003-0138-6120), Kathrin Zürcher, Lukas Fenner (ORCID 0000-0003-3309-4835), Pascal Bittel, Philipp Jent
Source: Journal of School Health. 2025 95(9):686-698.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Elementary Education
Grade 8
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Grade 9
High Schools
Descriptors: Well Being, COVID-19, Pandemics, Health Promotion, Prevention, Secondary School Students, Grade 8, Grade 9, Hygiene, Sanitation, Equipment, Student Attitudes, Psychological Patterns, Mental Health, Foreign Countries, Urban Schools, Attitude Change
Geographic Terms: Switzerland
DOI: 10.1111/josh.70039
ISSN: 0022-4391
1746-1561
Abstract: Background: In our research, we investigated student state and habitual well-being in school during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (after schools reopened) and analyzed their associations to measures in schools aimed at preventing ongoing infectious diseases. Methods and Measures: We conducted two interventional field studies in Swiss lower secondary education (Grades 8 and 9, students aged 13-15 years) to compare trait and state well-being during three different study conditions: no infection control measure, facial mask mandates, and the temporary installation of portable air cleaners in classrooms. Results: In Study 1, student enjoyment in school significantly decreased over time and their physical complaints increased. Students reported significantly higher negative activation with masks and air filters when compared to no infectious control measures. However, their negative activation significantly decreased over time with the mask, whereas it increased without measures. In Study 2, student worries in school significantly decreased over time. In one class, students reported an increase in positive activation and valence without air cleaners. In the other class, positive activation and concentration increased with air cleaners and negative activation decreased without air filters. Implications for School Health and Conclusions: Results suggest that infection control measures in school can have short term positive and negative effects on students' self-reported state well-being while not significantly impeding student's habitual well-being. For school health, students might benefit psychologically in times of crisis when they understand the implementation of measures as actions of care and safety.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1479080
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Infection Control Measures in the Classroom during and in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multidimensional Analysis of Secondary Student Well-Being and Emotions
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tina+Hascher%22">Tina Hascher</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-2470">0000-0003-2987-2470</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanja+Held%22">Tanja Held</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-5622">0000-0001-6438-5622</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jakob+Schnell%22">Jakob Schnell</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5814-9199">0009-0000-5814-9199</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicolas+Banholzer%22">Nicolas Banholzer</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0138-6120">0000-0003-0138-6120</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kathrin+Zürcher%22">Kathrin Zürcher</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lukas+Fenner%22">Lukas Fenner</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-4835">0000-0003-3309-4835</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pascal+Bittel%22">Pascal Bittel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Philipp+Jent%22">Philipp Jent</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+School+Health%22"><i>Journal of School Health</i></searchLink>. 2025 95(9):686-698.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Label: Peer Reviewed
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  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 13
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+8%22">Grade 8</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Well+Being%22">Well Being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+Promotion%22">Health Promotion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prevention%22">Prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+8%22">Grade 8</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hygiene%22">Hygiene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sanitation%22">Sanitation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Equipment%22">Equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+Patterns%22">Psychological Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+Health%22">Mental Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+Schools%22">Urban Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+Change%22">Attitude Change</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Switzerland%22">Switzerland</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1111/josh.70039
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0022-4391<br />1746-1561
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: In our research, we investigated student state and habitual well-being in school during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic (after schools reopened) and analyzed their associations to measures in schools aimed at preventing ongoing infectious diseases. Methods and Measures: We conducted two interventional field studies in Swiss lower secondary education (Grades 8 and 9, students aged 13-15 years) to compare trait and state well-being during three different study conditions: no infection control measure, facial mask mandates, and the temporary installation of portable air cleaners in classrooms. Results: In Study 1, student enjoyment in school significantly decreased over time and their physical complaints increased. Students reported significantly higher negative activation with masks and air filters when compared to no infectious control measures. However, their negative activation significantly decreased over time with the mask, whereas it increased without measures. In Study 2, student worries in school significantly decreased over time. In one class, students reported an increase in positive activation and valence without air cleaners. In the other class, positive activation and concentration increased with air cleaners and negative activation decreased without air filters. Implications for School Health and Conclusions: Results suggest that infection control measures in school can have short term positive and negative effects on students' self-reported state well-being while not significantly impeding student's habitual well-being. For school health, students might benefit psychologically in times of crisis when they understand the implementation of measures as actions of care and safety.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1479080
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1479080
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        Value: 10.1111/josh.70039
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 686
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Well Being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
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      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
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      – SubjectFull: Health Promotion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 8
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
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      – SubjectFull: Hygiene
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      – SubjectFull: Sanitation
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      – SubjectFull: Equipment
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological Patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Mental Health
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Urban Schools
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      – SubjectFull: Switzerland
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