A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting
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| Title: | A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Tian Kar Quar (ORCID |
| Source: | Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 2025 56(4):1160-1173. |
| Availability: | American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: lshss@asha.org; Web site: http://lshss.pubs.asha.org |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 14 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Early Childhood Education Preschool Education |
| Descriptors: | Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Auditory Evaluation, Preschool Teachers, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Rating Scales, Hearing (Physiology) |
| Geographic Terms: | Malaysia |
| DOI: | 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003 |
| ISSN: | 0161-1461 1558-9129 |
| Abstract: | The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children's hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = 0.88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency ([alpha] = 0.9), corrected item-total correlation values (0.65-0.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79-0.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages < 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages > 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2025 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1486568 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children's hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = 0.88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency ([alpha] = 0.9), corrected item-total correlation values (0.65-0.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79-0.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages < 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages > 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing. |
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| ISSN: | 0161-1461 1558-9129 |
| DOI: | 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003 |
