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A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting

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Title: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting
Language: English
Authors: Tian Kar Quar (ORCID 0000-0002-1515-5633), Muhammad Hafiz Zawawie, Mohd Fadzil Nor Rashid (ORCID 0000-0002-4020-7036), Wan Syafira Ishak, Mohd Hasrul Hosshan, Rafidah Mazlan, Wan Nur Hanim Mohd Yusoff, Teresa Y. C. Ching (ORCID 0000-0002-1588-5599)
Source: Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 2025 56(4):1160-1173.
Availability: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: lshss@asha.org; Web site: http://lshss.pubs.asha.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Preschool Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Auditory Evaluation, Preschool Teachers, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Rating Scales, Hearing (Physiology)
Geographic Terms: Malaysia
DOI: 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003
ISSN: 0161-1461
1558-9129
Abstract: The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children's hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = 0.88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency ([alpha] = 0.9), corrected item-total correlation values (0.65-0.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79-0.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages < 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages > 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1486568
Database: ERIC
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  Data: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting
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  Data: English
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tian+Kar+Quar%22&quot;&gt;Tian Kar Quar&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1515-5633&quot;&gt;0000-0002-1515-5633&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Muhammad+Hafiz+Zawawie%22&quot;&gt;Muhammad Hafiz Zawawie&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mohd+Fadzil+Nor+Rashid%22&quot;&gt;Mohd Fadzil Nor Rashid&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-7036&quot;&gt;0000-0002-4020-7036&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wan+Syafira+Ishak%22&quot;&gt;Wan Syafira Ishak&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mohd+Hasrul+Hosshan%22&quot;&gt;Mohd Hasrul Hosshan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rafidah+Mazlan%22&quot;&gt;Rafidah Mazlan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wan+Nur+Hanim+Mohd+Yusoff%22&quot;&gt;Wan Nur Hanim Mohd Yusoff&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Teresa+Y%2E+C%2E+Ching%22&quot;&gt;Teresa Y. C. Ching&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-5599&quot;&gt;0000-0002-1588-5599&lt;/externalLink&gt;)
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  Data: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 2200 Research Blvd #250, Rockville, MD 20850. Tel: 301-296-5700; Fax: 301-296-8580; e-mail: lshss@asha.org; Web site: http://lshss.pubs.asha.org
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  Data: 14
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Foreign+Countries%22&quot;&gt;Foreign Countries&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Preschool+Children%22&quot;&gt;Preschool Children&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Auditory+Evaluation%22&quot;&gt;Auditory Evaluation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Preschool+Teachers%22&quot;&gt;Preschool Teachers&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Test+Validity%22&quot;&gt;Test Validity&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Test+Reliability%22&quot;&gt;Test Reliability&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Rating+Scales%22&quot;&gt;Rating Scales&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Hearing+%28Physiology%29%22&quot;&gt;Hearing (Physiology)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Malaysia%22&quot;&gt;Malaysia&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0161-1461&lt;br /&gt;1558-9129
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The validity and reliability of parental questionnaires for evaluating children&#39;s hearing in real-world listening environments have been reported in previous studies, but very little research on teacher-reported questionnaires on young children has been reported. Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Malay Teacher&#39;s Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children Plus (TEACH+) Rating Scale for measuring functional hearing of preschoolers in Malaysia. Method: The TEACH+ was adapted into Malay. Fourteen teachers from a preschool completed the Malay TEACH+ Scale for 96 preschool children with normal hearing. Additionally, eight teachers repeated the assessment within a month. Validity and reliability were examined, and normative scores were derived. Results: The adapted scale was found to be valid with high content validity (item-content validity index = 0.88-1.0), face validity, and construct validity. Reliability tests shows good internal consistency ([alpha] = 0.9), corrected item-total correlation values (0.65-0.91), and overall test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79-0.88). The TEACH+ scores showed that functional performance of children ages &lt; 36 months was poorer than older children, and performance in quiet was better than performance in noise. The normative data can be used as a guide to monitor auditory functional performance and listening efforts of Malaysian children ages &gt; 36 months in preschool settings. Conclusion: The Malay TEACH+ Rating Scale is a valid and reliable tool for teachers to identify preschool-age children who may need additional support to optimize their functional hearing.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1486568
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1486568
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        Value: 10.1044/2025_LSHSS-25-00003
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1160
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auditory Evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Rating Scales
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hearing (Physiology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A Validation and Normative Study of a Teacher Inventory Scale for Evaluation of Functional Hearing of Malaysian Children in a Preschool Setting
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              Y: 2025
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