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Enhancing Description and Interpretation of Qualitative Interviews with People with Intellectual Disabilities through Nonverbal and Paraverbal Data Collection and Analysis

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Title: Enhancing Description and Interpretation of Qualitative Interviews with People with Intellectual Disabilities through Nonverbal and Paraverbal Data Collection and Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Lynette Harper (ORCID 0000-0002-4615-3139), Rob Burton (ORCID 0000-0002-3086-6476), Ian Walshe, Ann Ooms
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2026 39(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Intellectual Disability, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Translation, Nonverbal Communication, Confidentiality, Coding, Accuracy
DOI: 10.1111/jar.70183
ISSN: 1360-2322
1468-3148
Abstract: Background: Qualitative research involving interviews typically includes transcribing verbal data. However, insights about meaning can also be ascertained from nonverbal and paraverbal communications. Transcribing nonverbal data allows researchers to include and analyze this additional data whilst ensuring participants' confidentiality. Methods: Six participants with intellectual disabilities were interviewed using Talking Mats as a communication tool to support data collection. The verbal, nonverbal, and paraverbal data were transcribed using a notation system and analysed using triangulation. Findings: Most of the nonverbal communications corroborated the spoken word; however, nonverbal and paraverbal communication also captured additional information, which added depth, shared understanding, and expanded the insights into the research process or refuted the spoken word, which in turn provided new insights. Conclusions: This paper presents a method to analyse verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal data to provide depth and new or more accurate meaning and highlights benefits of including nonverbal communication in research.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1497679
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Enhancing Description and Interpretation of Qualitative Interviews with People with Intellectual Disabilities through Nonverbal and Paraverbal Data Collection and Analysis
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lynette+Harper%22">Lynette Harper</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4615-3139">0000-0002-4615-3139</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rob+Burton%22">Rob Burton</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3086-6476">0000-0002-3086-6476</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ian+Walshe%22">Ian Walshe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ann+Ooms%22">Ann Ooms</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Research+in+Intellectual+Disabilities%22"><i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i></searchLink>. 2026 39(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 13
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intellectual+Disability%22">Intellectual Disability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+Collection%22">Data Collection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+Analysis%22">Data Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Translation%22">Translation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+Communication%22">Nonverbal Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidentiality%22">Confidentiality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coding%22">Coding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/jar.70183
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  Data: 1360-2322<br />1468-3148
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  Data: Background: Qualitative research involving interviews typically includes transcribing verbal data. However, insights about meaning can also be ascertained from nonverbal and paraverbal communications. Transcribing nonverbal data allows researchers to include and analyze this additional data whilst ensuring participants' confidentiality. Methods: Six participants with intellectual disabilities were interviewed using Talking Mats as a communication tool to support data collection. The verbal, nonverbal, and paraverbal data were transcribed using a notation system and analysed using triangulation. Findings: Most of the nonverbal communications corroborated the spoken word; however, nonverbal and paraverbal communication also captured additional information, which added depth, shared understanding, and expanded the insights into the research process or refuted the spoken word, which in turn provided new insights. Conclusions: This paper presents a method to analyse verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal data to provide depth and new or more accurate meaning and highlights benefits of including nonverbal communication in research.
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      – SubjectFull: Nonverbal Communication
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      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
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      – TitleFull: Enhancing Description and Interpretation of Qualitative Interviews with People with Intellectual Disabilities through Nonverbal and Paraverbal Data Collection and Analysis
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