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Validation of the CTHQ in the Serbian Cultural Context

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Title: Validation of the CTHQ in the Serbian Cultural Context
Language: English
Authors: Simona Bekic (ORCID 0000-0002-0974-8846), Filip Biro (ORCID 0009-0001-8886-2822)
Source: Research in Pedagogy. 2025 15(2):360-374.
Availability: Preschool Teacher Training College "Mihailo Palov" and Serbian Academy of Education in Belgrade. Omladinski Trg 1, Vrsac, 26300 Serbia. Tel: +381-832517; Fax: +381-832517; Web site: http://research.rs
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Critical Thinking, Questionnaires, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Thinking Skills, Psychometrics, Translation, College Students, Cultural Relevance
Geographic Terms: Serbia
ISSN: 2217-7337
2406-2006
Abstract: Although critical thinking is widely recognized as a central goal of contemporary education, questions remain regarding how it is conceptualized and measured. Existing literature highlights divergent perspectives, with some researchers emphasizing personality traits, while others focus on dispositions or cognitive abilities. Bloom's taxonomy, introduced in the 1950s, has provided educators with a widely adopted framework for evaluating learning outcomes, designing assessments, and guiding instruction. However, despite its widespread use, the taxonomy has not been empirically tested as a direct basis for measuring critical thinking. In response to this gap, Kobylarek et al. (2022) developed the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CThQ), designed to assess critical thinking through the six cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy. This study addresses that gap by evaluating the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the CThQ. A total of 200 participants were recruited. Our exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution including Information Synthesis, Inference, Argument Evaluation, and Disposition for Critical Thinking. This suggests that the factor structure may be sensitive to cultural and educational context. Despite this divergence, the extracted factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and conceptual clarity, supporting the instrument's utility for assessing critical thinking in the Serbian cultural context.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1498229
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Validation of the CTHQ in the Serbian Cultural Context
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Simona+Bekic%22">Simona Bekic</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-8846">0000-0002-0974-8846</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Filip+Biro%22">Filip Biro</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8886-2822">0009-0001-8886-2822</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Research+in+Pedagogy%22"><i>Research in Pedagogy</i></searchLink>. 2025 15(2):360-374.
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  Data: Preschool Teacher Training College "Mihailo Palov" and Serbian Academy of Education in Belgrade. Omladinski Trg 1, Vrsac, 26300 Serbia. Tel: +381-832517; Fax: +381-832517; Web site: http://research.rs
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 15
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research<br />Tests/Questionnaires
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+Thinking%22">Critical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thinking+Skills%22">Thinking Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Translation%22">Translation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Relevance%22">Cultural Relevance</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Serbia%22">Serbia</searchLink>
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  Data: 2217-7337<br />2406-2006
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Although critical thinking is widely recognized as a central goal of contemporary education, questions remain regarding how it is conceptualized and measured. Existing literature highlights divergent perspectives, with some researchers emphasizing personality traits, while others focus on dispositions or cognitive abilities. Bloom's taxonomy, introduced in the 1950s, has provided educators with a widely adopted framework for evaluating learning outcomes, designing assessments, and guiding instruction. However, despite its widespread use, the taxonomy has not been empirically tested as a direct basis for measuring critical thinking. In response to this gap, Kobylarek et al. (2022) developed the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CThQ), designed to assess critical thinking through the six cognitive levels of Bloom's taxonomy. This study addresses that gap by evaluating the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the CThQ. A total of 200 participants were recruited. Our exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution including Information Synthesis, Inference, Argument Evaluation, and Disposition for Critical Thinking. This suggests that the factor structure may be sensitive to cultural and educational context. Despite this divergence, the extracted factors demonstrated strong internal consistency and conceptual clarity, supporting the instrument's utility for assessing critical thinking in the Serbian cultural context.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1498229
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 360
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Thinking Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Translation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Relevance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Serbia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Validation of the CTHQ in the Serbian Cultural Context
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            NameFull: Simona Bekic
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            NameFull: Filip Biro
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              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 2217-7337
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              Value: 15
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