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Response to Intervention: The Effects of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Occupational Therapy Intervention on Sensory Processing for Fifth-Grade Children

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Title: Response to Intervention: The Effects of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Occupational Therapy Intervention on Sensory Processing for Fifth-Grade Children
Language: English
Authors: Courtney Boitano, Brooke Henry, Grace Jeng, Ariana Jimenez, Julie Powell, Kiana Shibata
Source: Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention. 2025 18(3):430-443.
Availability: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Grade 5
Intermediate Grades
Middle Schools
Descriptors: Response to Intervention, Sensory Experience, Grade 5, Occupational Therapy, Intervention, Elementary School Students, Elementary School Teachers, Perceptual Development, Students with Disabilities
Geographic Terms: California
DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2024.2375501
ISSN: 1941-1243
1941-1251
Abstract: Sensory processing impacts a student's ability to participate in the classroom, yet there is a lack of studies analyzing the effect of occupational therapy (OT) services under the Response to Intervention (RtI) model on students' sensory processing. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a manualized OT intervention, using the RtI model, on sensory processing in general education fifth-grade students and teachers' understanding of sensory processing. This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study included an experimental group that received OT RtI (n = 17) and a control group that did not receive OT RtI but teachers attended a workshop on sensory processing (n = 27). Pretest and posttest results from the Sensory Processing Measure-2 (SPM-2) School Form and an online survey of teachers' understanding of sensory processing were collected. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze pre- and post-intervention SPM-2 results for each participant. In the experimental group, one subcategory approached significance, a slight decline approaching significance in the planning subcategory, and no significant changes in the remaining subcategories. In the control group, one subcategory demonstrated significance. Teacher understanding and use of sensory processing strategies showed an overall improvement in both schools. Preliminary evidence suggests teacher workshops have the potential to improve teacher understanding of sensory processing.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1501676
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Response to Intervention: The Effects of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Occupational Therapy Intervention on Sensory Processing for Fifth-Grade Children
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Courtney+Boitano%22">Courtney Boitano</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brooke+Henry%22">Brooke Henry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grace+Jeng%22">Grace Jeng</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ariana+Jimenez%22">Ariana Jimenez</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Julie+Powell%22">Julie Powell</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kiana+Shibata%22">Kiana Shibata</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Occupational+Therapy%2C+Schools+%26+Early+Intervention%22"><i>Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention</i></searchLink>. 2025 18(3):430-443.
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  Data: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: 14
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Intermediate+Grades%22">Intermediate Grades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Response+to+Intervention%22">Response to Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensory+Experience%22">Sensory Experience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Occupational+Therapy%22">Occupational Therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Teachers%22">Elementary School Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perceptual+Development%22">Perceptual Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Students+with+Disabilities%22">Students with Disabilities</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California%22">California</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1080/19411243.2024.2375501
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  Data: 1941-1243<br />1941-1251
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Sensory processing impacts a student's ability to participate in the classroom, yet there is a lack of studies analyzing the effect of occupational therapy (OT) services under the Response to Intervention (RtI) model on students' sensory processing. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a manualized OT intervention, using the RtI model, on sensory processing in general education fifth-grade students and teachers' understanding of sensory processing. This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study included an experimental group that received OT RtI (n = 17) and a control group that did not receive OT RtI but teachers attended a workshop on sensory processing (n = 27). Pretest and posttest results from the Sensory Processing Measure-2 (SPM-2) School Form and an online survey of teachers' understanding of sensory processing were collected. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze pre- and post-intervention SPM-2 results for each participant. In the experimental group, one subcategory approached significance, a slight decline approaching significance in the planning subcategory, and no significant changes in the remaining subcategories. In the control group, one subcategory demonstrated significance. Teacher understanding and use of sensory processing strategies showed an overall improvement in both schools. Preliminary evidence suggests teacher workshops have the potential to improve teacher understanding of sensory processing.
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1501676
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1501676
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/19411243.2024.2375501
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 430
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Response to Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sensory Experience
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 5
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Occupational Therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
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      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Perceptual Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Students with Disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: California
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Response to Intervention: The Effects of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Occupational Therapy Intervention on Sensory Processing for Fifth-Grade Children
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            NameFull: Courtney Boitano
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