Resilience Factors Counteract Intergenerational Risk for Adolescent Maladjustment Related to Family Mental Health History and Childhood Adversity
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| Title: | Resilience Factors Counteract Intergenerational Risk for Adolescent Maladjustment Related to Family Mental Health History and Childhood Adversity |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Libera Ylenia Mastromatteo (ORCID |
| Source: | Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(12):2238-2253. |
| Availability: | American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 16 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Sponsoring Agency: | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH) |
| Contract Number: | R01HD36916 R01HD39135 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Resilience (Psychology), Risk, Adolescents, Adjustment (to Environment), Mental Health, Family Characteristics, Early Experience, Grandparents, Persistence, Interpersonal Competence, Race, Ethnicity, Student School Relationship, Social Behavior |
| Assessment and Survey Identifiers: | Conflict Tactics Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Social Skills Rating System |
| DOI: | 10.1037/dev0001889 |
| ISSN: | 0012-1649 1939-0599 |
| Abstract: | Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Notes: | https://osf.io/mju93 |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1502898 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Intergenerational risk within families, stemming from familial history of mental health problems and encompassing exposure to childhood adversity, poses challenges to adolescent adjustment. However, it is important to recognize that negative developmental outcomes associated with intergenerational risk are not inevitable. To better understand resilience in this context, there is a need for studies that systematically compare different models of resilience. Further, few studies have estimated what level of adjustment should be expected for youth with high intergenerational risk but also a diverse set of strengths and competencies. Here, an intergenerational risk pathway and compensatory and protective resilience models were evaluated in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,897, 52% female, 49% non-Hispanic Black at the age 15 assessment). The link between history of mental health problems in maternal grandparents and adolescent maladjustment (depressive symptoms, substance use, delinquent behavior, and troubles at school) was serially mediated through maternal mental health problems and its association with children's exposure to adversity. Data-driven trajectory analyses identified participants characterized by increased exposure to multiple types of adversity across childhood. Chronic exposure to multiple adversities, in turn, predicted increased adolescent maladjustment. Yet, resilience factors, including childhood social skills, perseverance, and connectedness at school, effectively offset intergenerational risks. Adolescents with high intergenerational risk who experienced high levels of these childhood assets demonstrated adjustment that was comparable to their average-risk and low-risk peers. These findings advance our understanding of pathways of intergenerational risk and provide new evidence for a compensatory model over a protective model of resilience. |
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| ISSN: | 0012-1649 1939-0599 |
| DOI: | 10.1037/dev0001889 |
