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Visual Motor Assessment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparing Performance and Considerations for Assessment

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Title: Visual Motor Assessment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparing Performance and Considerations for Assessment
Language: English
Authors: Stuart Carey, Maria McKenzie, Lisa Knightbridge, Helen Bourke-Taylor
Source: Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention. 2025 18(1):200-218.
Availability: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Psychomotor Skills, Perceptual Motor Coordination, Children, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Performance, Performance Based Assessment, Occupational Therapy, Observation, Measures (Individuals), Functional Behavioral Assessment, Psychometrics, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Executive Function, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Australia
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration
DOI: 10.1080/19411243.2023.2262754
ISSN: 1941-1243
1941-1251
Abstract: Standardized assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can produce inaccurate results due to behaviors exhibited during assessment. This study developed the Occupational Therapy Observation Tool--Adjustment Support Details for children with autism (OTOT-ASD) to investigate the behaviors demonstrated, and the reasonable supports required, during administration of formal visual motor assessments. The OTOT-ASD was used to record student's behaviors and accommodations necessary to support their assessment when completing the Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration 6th Ed. (Beery VMI) and a new assessment, the Hartley Knows Writing Shapes Assessment Version 3 (HKWSA-V3). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the HKWSA-V3 in the assessment of 15 children with ASD. Preliminary findings were promising, although further investigation with a larger sample is required. The OTOT-ASD enabled high incidences of behaviors disruptive to testing and supportive accommodations to be captured during assessment. As a new tool, the OTOT-ASD may improve the clinical utility of formal visual motor assessments via enabling the administering occupational therapist to accurately make and record reasonable adjustments to support the child's true performance capacity. Further development of the OTOT-ASD is recommended to evaluate the generalizability of the tool for use with children with ASD.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1508941
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Visual Motor Assessment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparing Performance and Considerations for Assessment
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stuart+Carey%22">Stuart Carey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maria+McKenzie%22">Maria McKenzie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lisa+Knightbridge%22">Lisa Knightbridge</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Helen+Bourke-Taylor%22">Helen Bourke-Taylor</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Occupational+Therapy%2C+Schools+%26+Early+Intervention%22"><i>Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention</i></searchLink>. 2025 18(1):200-218.
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  Data: Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: 19
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  Data: 10.1080/19411243.2023.2262754
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  Data: 1941-1243<br />1941-1251
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Standardized assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can produce inaccurate results due to behaviors exhibited during assessment. This study developed the Occupational Therapy Observation Tool--Adjustment Support Details for children with autism (OTOT-ASD) to investigate the behaviors demonstrated, and the reasonable supports required, during administration of formal visual motor assessments. The OTOT-ASD was used to record student's behaviors and accommodations necessary to support their assessment when completing the Beery Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration 6th Ed. (Beery VMI) and a new assessment, the Hartley Knows Writing Shapes Assessment Version 3 (HKWSA-V3). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the HKWSA-V3 in the assessment of 15 children with ASD. Preliminary findings were promising, although further investigation with a larger sample is required. The OTOT-ASD enabled high incidences of behaviors disruptive to testing and supportive accommodations to be captured during assessment. As a new tool, the OTOT-ASD may improve the clinical utility of formal visual motor assessments via enabling the administering occupational therapist to accurately make and record reasonable adjustments to support the child's true performance capacity. Further development of the OTOT-ASD is recommended to evaluate the generalizability of the tool for use with children with ASD.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1508941
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        Value: 10.1080/19411243.2023.2262754
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 200
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Visual Perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychomotor Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Perceptual Motor Coordination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autism Spectrum Disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Performance
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      – SubjectFull: Performance Based Assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Occupational Therapy
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      – SubjectFull: Observation
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      – SubjectFull: Measures (Individuals)
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      – SubjectFull: Functional Behavioral Assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive Function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Visual Motor Assessment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparing Performance and Considerations for Assessment
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            NameFull: Stuart Carey
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            NameFull: Maria McKenzie
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            NameFull: Lisa Knightbridge
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            NameFull: Helen Bourke-Taylor
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              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools & Early Intervention
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