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Randomized Trial of Prize-Based Reinforcement Density for Simultaneous Abstinence from Cocaine and Heroin

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Title: Randomized Trial of Prize-Based Reinforcement Density for Simultaneous Abstinence from Cocaine and Heroin
Language: English
Authors: Ghitza, Udi E., Epstein, David H., Schmittner, John
Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Oct 2007 75(5):765-774.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
Peer Reviewed: Y
Physical Description: PDF
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2007
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Narcotics, Reinforcement, Probability, Intervention, Control Groups, Drug Rehabilitation, Cocaine, Drug Use, Rewards, Drug Use Testing, Outcomes of Treatment
ISSN: 0022-006X
Abstract: To examine the effect of reinforcer density in prize-based abstinence reinforcement, heroin/cocaine users (N = 116) in methadone maintenance (100 mg/day) were randomly assigned to a noncontingent control group (NonC) or to 1 of 3 groups that earned prize draws for abstinence: manual drawing with standard prize density (MS) or computerized drawing with standard (CS) or high (CH) density. Probabilities (prizes/draw) were standard (50%) and high (78%); prize density was double blind. Mean prize values were CH, $286; CS, $167; MS, $139; and NonC, $171. Outcomes were % opioid/cocaine-negative urines during the 12-week intervention and then 8 weeks postintervention as well as diagnosis of dependence up to 6 months poststudy. CH had significantly more negative specimens than did NonC during intervention and had more than all groups during postintervention treatment: Mean % negative (95% confidence interval) during postintervention treatment adjusted for baseline drug use and dropout were CH, 55% (14%-90%); CS, 7% (1%-27%); MS, 4% (1%-12%); and NonC, 3% (1%-10%). Current cocaine dependence diagnoses after treatment were significantly lower in contingent compared with noncontingent groups. Computerized drawing with higher-density prizes enhanced reduction of cocaine use; abstinence reinforcement had long-term therapeutic benefits.
Abstractor: Author
Entry Date: 2007
Access URL: https://content.apa.org/journals/ccp/75/5/765
Accession Number: EJ776901
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Randomized Trial of Prize-Based Reinforcement Density for Simultaneous Abstinence from Cocaine and Heroin
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
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  Data: To examine the effect of reinforcer density in prize-based abstinence reinforcement, heroin/cocaine users (N = 116) in methadone maintenance (100 mg/day) were randomly assigned to a noncontingent control group (NonC) or to 1 of 3 groups that earned prize draws for abstinence: manual drawing with standard prize density (MS) or computerized drawing with standard (CS) or high (CH) density. Probabilities (prizes/draw) were standard (50%) and high (78%); prize density was double blind. Mean prize values were CH, $286; CS, $167; MS, $139; and NonC, $171. Outcomes were % opioid/cocaine-negative urines during the 12-week intervention and then 8 weeks postintervention as well as diagnosis of dependence up to 6 months poststudy. CH had significantly more negative specimens than did NonC during intervention and had more than all groups during postintervention treatment: Mean % negative (95% confidence interval) during postintervention treatment adjusted for baseline drug use and dropout were CH, 55% (14%-90%); CS, 7% (1%-27%); MS, 4% (1%-12%); and NonC, 3% (1%-10%). Current cocaine dependence diagnoses after treatment were significantly lower in contingent compared with noncontingent groups. Computerized drawing with higher-density prizes enhanced reduction of cocaine use; abstinence reinforcement had long-term therapeutic benefits.
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 765
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Narcotics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Probability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Control Groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug Rehabilitation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cocaine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug Use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rewards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug Use Testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Outcomes of Treatment
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Randomized Trial of Prize-Based Reinforcement Density for Simultaneous Abstinence from Cocaine and Heroin
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            NameFull: Epstein, David H.
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            NameFull: Schmittner, John
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
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