View in EDS

Discriminated Timeout Avoidance in Pigeons: The Roles of Added Stimuli

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Discriminated Timeout Avoidance in Pigeons: The Roles of Added Stimuli
Language: English
Authors: DeFulio, Anthony, Hackenberg, Timothy D.
Source: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Jul 2007 88(1):51-71.
Availability: Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405. Tel: 812-334-0395; Fax: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html
Peer Reviewed: Y
Physical Description: PDF
Page Count: 21
Publication Date: 2007
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Stimuli, Timeout, Intervals, Animals, Animal Behavior, Behavioral Science Research, Food, Operant Conditioning, Responses, Delay of Gratification
ISSN: 0022-5002
Abstract: Two experiments examined pigeons' postponement of a signaled extinction period, or timeout (TO), from an ongoing schedule of response-dependent food delivery. A concurrent-operant procedure was used in which responses on one (food) key produced food according to a variable-interval schedule and responses on a second (postponement) key delayed the next scheduled TO according to a response-TO (R-TO) interval. A series of response-independent stimulus changes on the food key temporally partitioned the R-TO into three equal segments (S1, S2, and S3). Postponement responses, in addition to postponing TO, also reinstated S1, the stimulus correlated with the greatest temporal distance from TO. In Experiment 1, the R-TO interval was manipulated systematically across blocks of sessions (conditions) at a given ratio of R-TO:TO duration. This R-TO:TO ratio was manipulated across blocks of conditions (phases). Postponement response rates varied inversely with R-TO interval in each phase. Changes in the R-TO:TO ratio did not produce consistent differences except at the 1:10 ratio for some pigeons, where it disrupted postponement responding in some conditions. Most of the postponement responses occurred in the presence of S2 and S3, the stimuli most proximal to TO, whereas most of the food-key responses occurred in S1. In Experiment 2, the R-TO contingencies were systematically manipulated in the presence of the time-correlated stimuli. In one set of conditions, the R-TO contingencies were made either ineffective or less effective in the presence of one or more stimuli. Postponement responses typically shifted to stimuli in the presence of which responses were relatively more effective. Postponement responses decreased markedly when the added stimuli were removed, and then recovered when the stimuli were reinstated. Results from both experiments indicate that the added stimuli in a discriminated TO-avoidance procedure serve predominately discriminative functions, delineating periods during which behavior is maximally effective. The results parallel those obtained in shock-avoidance procedures, providing further evidence that TO functions as an aversive stimulus. (Contains 2 tables and 6 figures.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 26
Entry Date: 2013
Access URL: https://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/toc/2007/jeabJul07.php
Accession Number: EJ991539
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ991539
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Discriminated Timeout Avoidance in Pigeons: The Roles of Added Stimuli
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DeFulio%2C+Anthony%22">DeFulio, Anthony</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hackenberg%2C+Timothy+D%2E%22">Hackenberg, Timothy D.</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+the+Experimental+Analysis+of+Behavior%22"><i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i></searchLink>. Jul 2007 88(1):51-71.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405. Tel: 812-334-0395; Fax: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: PhysDesc
  Label: Physical Description
  Group: PhysDesc
  Data: PDF
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 21
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2007
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stimuli%22">Stimuli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Timeout%22">Timeout</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervals%22">Intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+Behavior%22">Animal Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavioral+Science+Research%22">Behavioral Science Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food%22">Food</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Operant+Conditioning%22">Operant Conditioning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Responses%22">Responses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delay+of+Gratification%22">Delay of Gratification</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0022-5002
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Two experiments examined pigeons' postponement of a signaled extinction period, or timeout (TO), from an ongoing schedule of response-dependent food delivery. A concurrent-operant procedure was used in which responses on one (food) key produced food according to a variable-interval schedule and responses on a second (postponement) key delayed the next scheduled TO according to a response-TO (R-TO) interval. A series of response-independent stimulus changes on the food key temporally partitioned the R-TO into three equal segments (S1, S2, and S3). Postponement responses, in addition to postponing TO, also reinstated S1, the stimulus correlated with the greatest temporal distance from TO. In Experiment 1, the R-TO interval was manipulated systematically across blocks of sessions (conditions) at a given ratio of R-TO:TO duration. This R-TO:TO ratio was manipulated across blocks of conditions (phases). Postponement response rates varied inversely with R-TO interval in each phase. Changes in the R-TO:TO ratio did not produce consistent differences except at the 1:10 ratio for some pigeons, where it disrupted postponement responding in some conditions. Most of the postponement responses occurred in the presence of S2 and S3, the stimuli most proximal to TO, whereas most of the food-key responses occurred in S1. In Experiment 2, the R-TO contingencies were systematically manipulated in the presence of the time-correlated stimuli. In one set of conditions, the R-TO contingencies were made either ineffective or less effective in the presence of one or more stimuli. Postponement responses typically shifted to stimuli in the presence of which responses were relatively more effective. Postponement responses decreased markedly when the added stimuli were removed, and then recovered when the stimuli were reinstated. Results from both experiments indicate that the added stimuli in a discriminated TO-avoidance procedure serve predominately discriminative functions, delineating periods during which behavior is maximally effective. The results parallel those obtained in shock-avoidance procedures, providing further evidence that TO functions as an aversive stimulus. (Contains 2 tables and 6 figures.)
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: Ref
  Label: Number of References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: 26
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2013
– Name: URL
  Label: Access URL
  Group: URL
  Data: <link linkTarget="URL" linkTerm="https://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/toc/2007/jeabJul07.php" linkWindow="_blank">http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/toc/2007/jeabJul07.php</link>
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ991539
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ991539
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 51
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Stimuli
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Timeout
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavioral Science Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Operant Conditioning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Responses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delay of Gratification
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Discriminated Timeout Avoidance in Pigeons: The Roles of Added Stimuli
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: DeFulio, Anthony
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hackenberg, Timothy D.
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Type: published
              Y: 2007
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0022-5002
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 88
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
              Type: main
ResultId 1