Invasive group A Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus pyogenes): Current situation in Spain.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Invasive group A Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus pyogenes): Current situation in Spain.
Alternate Title:	Infección invasora por estreptococo del grupo A (Streptococcus pyogenes): situación actual en España.
Authors:	Martín-Delgado, Mari Cruz¹, De Lucas Ramos, Pilar², García-Botella, Alejandra³, Cantón, Rafael⁴, García-Lledó, Alberto⁵, Hernández-Sampelayo, Teresa⁶, Gómez-Pavón, Javier⁷, del Castillo, Juan González⁸, Martín Sánchez, Francisco Javier⁸, Martínez-Sellés, Manuel⁹, Molero García, José María¹⁰, Guillén, Santiago Moreno¹¹, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando¹², Ruiz-Galiana, Julián¹³, Burillo, Almudena¹⁴, Muñoz, Patricia¹⁵, Rey, Cristina Calvo¹⁶, Catalán-González, Mercedes¹⁷, Cendejas-Bueno, Emilio¹⁸, Halperin-Benito, Ana Verónica¹⁹
Source:	Revista Española de Quimioterapia. dic2024, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p454-471. 18p.
Subjects:	STREPTOCOCCUS pyogenes, BACTEREMIA, STREPTOCOCCUS, ENDOCARDITIS, EMPYEMA
Abstract (English):	Group A β-hemolytlc Streptococcus (S. pyogenes), also known as GAS, is a Gram-positive bacterium. It can be easily identified in the microbiology laboratory by its ability to hemolyse blood in culture media. This bacterium is highly virulent due to its production of enzymes and toxins, and its ability to cause immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. GAS is the primary cause of bacterial pharyngotonsilli- tis, although it is typically a benign and non-invasive disease. However, it also has the potential to cause severe skin and soft tissue infections, necrotising fasciitis, bacteraemia and endocarditis, pneumonia and empyema, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, without any age or predisposition limits. The term invasive GAS disease (iGAS) is used to refer to this group of conditions. In more developed countries, iGAS disease has declined thanks to improved hygiene and the availability of antibiotics. For example, rheumatic fever has practically disappeared in countries such as Spain. However, recent data suggests a potential Increase in some iGAS diseases, although the accuracy of this data is not consistent. Because of this, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has posed several questions about invasive GAS infection, especially its current situation in Spain. The committee has enlisted the help of several experts in the field to answer these questions. The following lines contain the answers that we have collaboratively produced, aiming to assist not only the members of ICOMEM but also anyone interested in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Streptococcus β-hemolltico del grupo A (S. pyogenes) (SGA) es una bacteria Gram positiva fácil de identificar en el laboratorio de microbiología por muchos procedimientos, pero particularmente por su capacidad de hemolizar la sangre en los medios de cultivo. Su virulencia está bien acreditada por la producción de enzimas y toxinas, pero también por la capacidad de inducir enfermedades inmunológicamente mediadas tales como la fiebre reumática o la glomerulonefritis postestreptocócica. Es el agente causal de la mayoría de las faringoamigdalitis bacterianas que en general se comportan como enfermedades benignas y no invasoras. Al mismo tiempo, ha demostrado su capacidad de producir infecciones graves en piel y tejidos blandos, fascitis necrotizantes, bacteriemia y endocarditis, neumonías y empiemas, síndrome del shock tóxico estreptocócico y otras muchas sin respetar límites de edad ni de predisposición. Para este último conjunto de cuadros utilizamos el término de enfermedad invasora por SGA (iSGA). La iSGA había disminuido en los países más desarrollados al amparo de la mejor calidad de la higiene y de la disponibilidad de antibióticos al punto de una práctica desaparición de la fiebre reumática en países como España. Sin embargo, datos recientes, aunque no siempre precisos, hablan de un aumento de algunas enfermedades iSGA. Por este motivo, el Comité de COVID y patógenos emergentes, del Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Médicos de Madrid (ICOMEM) se ha formulado una serie de preguntas sobre la infección iSGA y particularmente su situación en España. El Comité ha convocado a algunos expertos en el tema recabando su ayuda para responder a dichas preguntas. Las líneas que siguen son las respuestas que hemos producido entre todos, tratando de ser útiles no solo a los colegiados de Madrid si no a todos los interesados en el tema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Group A β-hemolytlc Streptococcus (S. pyogenes), also known as GAS, is a Gram-positive bacterium. It can be easily identified in the microbiology laboratory by its ability to hemolyse blood in culture media. This bacterium is highly virulent due to its production of enzymes and toxins, and its ability to cause immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. GAS is the primary cause of bacterial pharyngotonsilli- tis, although it is typically a benign and non-invasive disease. However, it also has the potential to cause severe skin and soft tissue infections, necrotising fasciitis, bacteraemia and endocarditis, pneumonia and empyema, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, without any age or predisposition limits. The term invasive GAS disease (iGAS) is used to refer to this group of conditions. In more developed countries, iGAS disease has declined thanks to improved hygiene and the availability of antibiotics. For example, rheumatic fever has practically disappeared in countries such as Spain. However, recent data suggests a potential Increase in some iGAS diseases, although the accuracy of this data is not consistent. Because of this, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has posed several questions about invasive GAS infection, especially its current situation in Spain. The committee has enlisted the help of several experts in the field to answer these questions. The following lines contain the answers that we have collaboratively produced, aiming to assist not only the members of ICOMEM but also anyone interested in this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	02143429
DOI:	10.37201/req/067.2024