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Esquizofrenia en adolescentes: un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.

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Title: Esquizofrenia en adolescentes: un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.
Alternate Title: Schizophrenia in Adolescents: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge.
Authors: Cortes-Vega, Aurora1 aurora.cortes.vega.25@gmail.com, Chávez-Martínez, Emmanuel A.1, Ochoa-Madrigal, Marta G.1, Meneses-Luna, Oscar1
Source: Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM. nov/dic2024, Vol. 67 Issue 6, p8-16. 9p.
Abstract (English): Schizophrenia is perhaps the pathology most commonly associated with the medical branch of psychiatry, however, it only affects 1%1 of the general population, but due to the broad and striking clinical picture, it has become for the population and professionals of health, a topic of interest. Presentations in the infant-juvenile population are associated with varied clinical symptoms, with greater impact on school life, propensity for inadequate response to treatment, greater presentation of side effects and greater cognitive impairment. In this case report, it presents an adolescent with a complex perinatal history, difficulties with socialization, depressive- type affective symptoms with subsequent appearance of severe psychotic symptoms that caused dysfunction in multiple areas, affecting comprehensive development and compromising her quality of life2. The approach to the presentation of a psychotic disorder at an early age, follow-up over time and the importance of making adjustments in the pharmacological treatment until the medication with which the symptomatology is better controlled is explored, considering the importance of avoiding side effects derived from the use of antipsychotics in infant-juvenile patients, where the range of possible treatments is still limited. Conclusion: The present case highlights the complexity of the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset schizophrenia in adolescence, as well as the importance of a comprehensive approach that addresses both the medical, psychological and social aspects of the disease to achieve sustained improvement and quality of life, optimal for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): La esquizofrenia es, quizás, la patología más comúnmente asociada a la rama médica de la psiquiatría; sin embargo, solo afecta al 1%1 de la población general. No obstante, debido a su amplio y llamativo cuadro clínico, se ha convertido en un tema de interés tanto para la población como para los profesionales de la salud. Sus manifestaciones en población infantojuvenil se asocian con cuadros clínicos variados, que generan un mayor impacto en la vida escolar, propensión a respuestas inadecuadas al tratamiento, una mayor presentación de efectos secundarios y un mayor deterioro cognitivo. Este informe presenta a una adolescente con un historial complejo de antecedentes perinatales, dificultades para la socialización, síntomas afectivos de tipo depresivo y posterior aparición de síntomas psicóticos graves, que ocasionaron disfunción en múltiples ámbitos, afectando su desarrollo integral y comprometiendo su calidad de vida2. Se describe el abordaje de una presentación clínica de un trastorno psicótico a edad temprana, su seguimiento a largo plazo y la importancia de ajustar el tratamiento farmacológico hasta seleccionar el medicamento adecuado para brindar un mejor control de la sintomatología, considerando la relevancia de evitar los efectos secundarios derivados del uso de antipsicóticos en pacientes de edad infantojuvenil, donde la gama de posibles tratamientos es aún limitada. Conclusión: El presente caso resalta la complejidad del diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esquizofrenia de inicio temprano durante la adolescencia, así como la importancia de un enfoque integral que aborde los aspectos médico-psicológicos y sociales de la enfermedad para lograr una mejoría sostenida y una calidad de vida óptima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:Schizophrenia is perhaps the pathology most commonly associated with the medical branch of psychiatry, however, it only affects 1%1 of the general population, but due to the broad and striking clinical picture, it has become for the population and professionals of health, a topic of interest. Presentations in the infant-juvenile population are associated with varied clinical symptoms, with greater impact on school life, propensity for inadequate response to treatment, greater presentation of side effects and greater cognitive impairment. In this case report, it presents an adolescent with a complex perinatal history, difficulties with socialization, depressive- type affective symptoms with subsequent appearance of severe psychotic symptoms that caused dysfunction in multiple areas, affecting comprehensive development and compromising her quality of life2. The approach to the presentation of a psychotic disorder at an early age, follow-up over time and the importance of making adjustments in the pharmacological treatment until the medication with which the symptomatology is better controlled is explored, considering the importance of avoiding side effects derived from the use of antipsychotics in infant-juvenile patients, where the range of possible treatments is still limited. Conclusion: The present case highlights the complexity of the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset schizophrenia in adolescence, as well as the importance of a comprehensive approach that addresses both the medical, psychological and social aspects of the disease to achieve sustained improvement and quality of life, optimal for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00261742
DOI:10.22201/fm.24484865e.2024.67.6.02