Epidemiology of the COVID-19 pneumonia in a group of hospitals from Madrid-Spain during the full period of the State of Alarm– HM cohort.

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Title:	Epidemiology of the COVID-19 pneumonia in a group of hospitals from Madrid-Spain during the full period of the State of Alarm– HM cohort.
Alternate Title:	Epidemiología de la neumonía por COVID-19 en un grupo de hospitales españoles durante todo el Estado de Alarma - Cohorte de hospitales HM.
Authors:	Barberán, José^1,2,3, Ramos, María^3,4, Villanueva, Julio^3,4, Villares, Paula^2,3,4, Villareal, Mercedes^2,3,5, Vivas, María^2,3,5, Orche, Susana^3,6, Tejera-Gonzalez, María^1,3,5, Menéndez, Justo M.^2,3,4, Tolentino Hinojosa, Lenin^5,7, Almirall, Cristina^4,8, Antolin, Leonor^3,4, Martinez, Lady^1,2,3, Mendoza, Silvia^2,5, Pelaez, Adrián^2,3, Segarra-Cañamares, María⁴, Guerrero, José E.^3,5,9, Pelaez, Jesús^2,3,5, Cardinal-Fernández, Pablo^2,3,5 pablocardinal@hotmail.com
Source:	Revista Española de Quimioterapia. abr2025, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p97-107. 11p.
Subjects:	COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2
Abstract (English):	Introduction: To describe the epidemiology pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic during all Spanish State of Alarm. Methods: Retrospective, observational, cohort and multicenter study. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years old, admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia in any of the centers of the HM Hospitals Group. Exclusion criteria: voluntary discharge, death in the emergency department, transfer to centers outside the HM group or incomplete data. State of Alarm period: 31/01/2020 to 05/07/2023. Predominant COVID-19 variant was defined when it exceeded 50% of the total isolates. Results: During the study period, 2,992 patients were admitted due to a COVID-19 pneumonia, 295 patients (9.86%) non-survive. Survivors and non-survivors were different in age and comorbidities. However, both cohorts presented a similar net of interaction between comorbidities. Hospital admissions per week showed an evolution in “peaks” with “troughs”. A total of 197 (6.48%) patients were admitted to the ICU, of whom 52 (26.39%) non-survive; this subgroup stood out for having a higher proportion of septic shock, orotracheal intubation and acute renal failure, as well as a lower proportion of pulmonary thromboembolism and delirium. Concerning the viral variants, the incidence for the original variant was 4.05 cases/day, for the alpha variant 3.82 cases/day, for the delta variant 1.16 cases/day and for the omicron variant 1.35 cases/day. Conclusion. Almost 1 of 10 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia death, a proportion that increased to 1 of 4 in case of being admitted to the ICU. Unexpectedly, interaction between comorbidities did not differ between survivors and non-survivor’s patients. Predominant variants were associated with different hospital admission rates but not influence the presence of peak-troughs evolution of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Introducción: Describir el patrón epidemiológico de la pandemia de COVID-19 durante todo el estado de alarma en España. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de cohorte y multicéntrico. Criterios de inclusión: edad ≥18 años, ingreso por neumonía COVID-19 en cualquiera de los centros del Grupo de Hospitales HM. Criterios de exclusión: alta voluntaria, fallecimiento en el servicio de urgencias, traslado a centros fuera del grupo HM o datos incompletos. Estado de alarma: del 31/01/2020 al 05/07/2023. Se definió como variante predominante de COVID-19 aquella que superó el 50% de los aislamientos totales. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, se admitieron 2.992 pacientes por neumonía COVID-19, de los cuales 295 pacientes (9,86%) no sobrevivieron. Los sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes mostraron diferencias en edad y comorbilidades. Sin embargo, ambas cohortes presentaron una red de interacción similar entre las comorbilidades. Los ingresos hospitalarios por semana mostraron una evolución en “picos” y “valles”. Un total de 197 pacientes (6,48%) fueron admitidos en la UCI, de los cuales 52 (26,39%) no sobrevivieron; este subgrupo se caracterizó por una mayor proporción de shock séptico, intubación orotraqueal e insuficiencia renal aguda, así como una menor proporción de tromboembolismo pulmonar y delirio. En relación con las variantes virales, la incidencia fue de 4,05 casos/día para la variante original, 3,82 casos/día para la variante alfa, 1,16 casos/día para la variante delta y 1,35 casos/día para la variante ómicron. Conclusiones: Casi 1 de cada 10 pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19 falleció, proporción que aumentó a 1 de cada 4 en caso de ingreso en la UCI. De manera inesperada, la interacción entre comorbilidades no difería entre pacientes sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes. Las variantes predominantes se asociaron a diferentes tasas de ingreso hospitalario, pero no influyeron en la evolución de picos y valles de la pandemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Introduction: To describe the epidemiology pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic during all Spanish State of Alarm. Methods: Retrospective, observational, cohort and multicenter study. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years old, admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia in any of the centers of the HM Hospitals Group. Exclusion criteria: voluntary discharge, death in the emergency department, transfer to centers outside the HM group or incomplete data. State of Alarm period: 31/01/2020 to 05/07/2023. Predominant COVID-19 variant was defined when it exceeded 50% of the total isolates. Results: During the study period, 2,992 patients were admitted due to a COVID-19 pneumonia, 295 patients (9.86%) non-survive. Survivors and non-survivors were different in age and comorbidities. However, both cohorts presented a similar net of interaction between comorbidities. Hospital admissions per week showed an evolution in “peaks” with “troughs”. A total of 197 (6.48%) patients were admitted to the ICU, of whom 52 (26.39%) non-survive; this subgroup stood out for having a higher proportion of septic shock, orotracheal intubation and acute renal failure, as well as a lower proportion of pulmonary thromboembolism and delirium. Concerning the viral variants, the incidence for the original variant was 4.05 cases/day, for the alpha variant 3.82 cases/day, for the delta variant 1.16 cases/day and for the omicron variant 1.35 cases/day. Conclusion. Almost 1 of 10 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia death, a proportion that increased to 1 of 4 in case of being admitted to the ICU. Unexpectedly, interaction between comorbidities did not differ between survivors and non-survivor’s patients. Predominant variants were associated with different hospital admission rates but not influence the presence of peak-troughs evolution of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	02143429
DOI:	10.37201/req/110.2024