Nocardiosis: serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Nocardiosis: serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica.
Alternate Title:	Nocardiosis: A case series and literature review.
Authors:	Camilo Álvarez-Rodríguez, José^1,2,3, Solórzano-Ramos, Carlos A.³, López-Ramírez, Viviana³, Torres-Rubio, Luisa⁴, Ovalle-Gómez, Ana³, Camilo Sánchez-Gámez, Jersson^3,5, Beltrán-Endo, Cindy L.⁶, López-Mora, María J.^2,7,8,9, Gómez-Rincón, Julio C.^1,2,10, Cubides-Cruz, Cristian L.^1,2, Jaramillo-Calle, Rose M.¹, Correa-Forero, Vanessa⁷, Cristina García, Nidia Gabriela¹¹, Isabel Cuervo-Maldonado, Sonia^1,2,11 scuervo@cancer.gov.co
Source:	Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud. jun2025, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p197-214. 18p.
Subjects:	HEALTH facilities, NOCARDIOSIS, MEDICAL microbiology, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, SYMPTOMS
Abstract (English):	Nocardiosis is caused by a branched Gram-positive bacillus that affects mostly immunosuppressed patients. The clinical manifestations can be localized or disseminated, and the treatment depends on the affected organs, the severity of the disease, and the susceptibility profile. Nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized or disseminated abscesses in immunosuppressed patients. Early clinical suspicion would allow the start of empirical treatment, prompt microbiological research, and may positively impact survival. We present a case series of 14 patients with infection by Nocardia spp. who attended different health institutions in Bogotá between January 2008 and November 2023. The clinical microbiology laboratory provided information on demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. Fourteen patients were analyzed, with an average age of 49.8 years (30 to 72 years); 10 were men, and nine had a diagnosis involving immunosuppression: six had cancer and three had other underlying immunosuppression. Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities. The infection was chronic in 10 patients; the organs involved were the brain and lungs in 7 cases. Nocardia species' was identified in five subjects; one of the patients presented infection with Cryptococcus spp. Nocardiosis treatment was prolonged and included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 12 cases; four patients died. Infection by Nocardia spp. is primarily opportunistic, presents unique clinical and microbiological aspects, and is a differential diagnosis of localized or systemic abscesses in immunosuppressed patients. Clinical suspicion allows a careful approach in terms of diagnosis, and initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment can positively impact survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	La nocardiosis es una infección causada por un bacilo grampositivo filamentoso que afecta en mayor medida a los pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Sus manifestaciones pueden ser localizadas o sistémicas. Para seleccionar el tratamiento, se debe considerar el órgano comprometido, la gravedad de la infección y el perfil de sensibilidad microbiana. Se presentan 14 casos de pacientes con infección por Nocardia spp. atendidos en diferentes instituciones de salud de Bogotá entre enero del 2008 y noviembre del 2023. La información se obtuvo del laboratorio de microbiología, y se buscaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. La edad promedio de los pacientes incluidos fue de 49,8 años (30 a 72 años), 10 eran hombres y nueve tenían un diagnóstico que implicaba inmunosupresión: seis tenían cáncer y tres, otras condiciones de inmunosupresión. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron diabetes e hipertensión arterial sistémica. La presentación clínica de la nocardiosis fue crónica en 10 de los casos, y los órganos comprometidos fueron cerebro y pulmón en 7. Fue posible identificar la especie de Nocardia en cinco de los pacientes; uno de los evaluados presentó infección por Cryptococcus spp. El tratamiento para la nocardiosis fue prolongado e incluyó trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol en 12 casos; fallecieron cuatro pacientes. La infección por Nocardia spp. es principalmente oportunista, con aspectos clínicos y microbiológicos únicos. Es un diagnóstico diferencial de abscesos localizados o sistémicos en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. La sospecha clínica permite un enfoque cuidadoso en términos de diagnóstico y el inicio de tratamiento antibiótico empírico, que sigue siendo heterogéneo, puede tener un impacto positivo en la supervivencia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Nocardiosis is caused by a branched Gram-positive bacillus that affects mostly immunosuppressed patients. The clinical manifestations can be localized or disseminated, and the treatment depends on the affected organs, the severity of the disease, and the susceptibility profile. Nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of localized or disseminated abscesses in immunosuppressed patients. Early clinical suspicion would allow the start of empirical treatment, prompt microbiological research, and may positively impact survival. We present a case series of 14 patients with infection by Nocardia spp. who attended different health institutions in Bogotá between January 2008 and November 2023. The clinical microbiology laboratory provided information on demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables. Fourteen patients were analyzed, with an average age of 49.8 years (30 to 72 years); 10 were men, and nine had a diagnosis involving immunosuppression: six had cancer and three had other underlying immunosuppression. Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities. The infection was chronic in 10 patients; the organs involved were the brain and lungs in 7 cases. Nocardia species' was identified in five subjects; one of the patients presented infection with Cryptococcus spp. Nocardiosis treatment was prolonged and included trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 12 cases; four patients died. Infection by Nocardia spp. is primarily opportunistic, presents unique clinical and microbiological aspects, and is a differential diagnosis of localized or systemic abscesses in immunosuppressed patients. Clinical suspicion allows a careful approach in terms of diagnosis, and initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment can positively impact survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	01204157
DOI:	10.7705/biomedica.7486