Correlación de la microbiota oral con la salud periodontal: revisión de literatura.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Correlación de la microbiota oral con la salud periodontal: revisión de literatura.
Alternate Title:	Correlación de la microbiota oral con la salud periodontal: revisión de literatura.
Authors:	Calle Rodríguez, Ariana Pamela¹ ariana.calle.48@est.ucacue.edu.ec, Naula Vicuña, Carlos Roberto¹ cnaulav@ucacue.edu.ec, Piedra Sarmiento, Xavier Bernardo¹ xpiedras@ucacue.edu.ec
Source:	Revista Kiru. jul-sep2025, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p244-252. 9p.
Subjects:	ORAL microbiology, ORAL health, PORPHYROMONAS gingivalis, DYSBIOSIS, PROBIOTICS, BIOFILMS, MICROBIOTA
Abstract (English):	The oral microbiota represents a dynamic and complex ecosystem that harbors between 500 and 1500 species of microorganisms, ranking second in diversity within the human organism. This literature review analyzes the relationship between the oral microbiota and periodontal health, examining the factors that influence its balance and the consequences of its disruption. The oral microbiota maintains a symbiotic balance, which is essential for oral health. The imbalance of this ecosystem (dysbiosis) is directly related to periodontal diseases, where Socransky's red complex, particularly the species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, play a fundamental role. Other relevant microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are also identified. The composition of the oral microbiota can be affected by multiple variables, including ethnicity, genetics, geographic location, age, medication use, socioeconomic status, diet, human habitat, culture, and education. Within the oral cavity, a significant number of microorganisms are hosted, which actively participate in processes such as digestion and defense against pathogens. Additionally, this text explores the concepts of biofilm formation, bacterial equilibrium, and the mechanisms of bacterial action in the oral environment. Recommended probiotics for maintaining a balanced flora are discussed, along with host-related, environmental, pharmacological, and local factors that may disrupt the oral microbiota. Finally, the evolution of the oral microbiota is analyzed in relation to different stages of life, from the prenatal period to older adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	La microbiota oral representa un ecosistema dinámico y complejo que alberga entre 500 y 1500 especies de microorganismos, ocupando el segundo lugar en diversidad dentro del organismo humano. Esta revisión de literatura analiza la relación entre la microbiota oral y la salud periodontal, examinando los factores que influyen en su equilibrio y las consecuencias de su alteración. La microbiota oral mantiene un equilibrio denominado simbiosis, crucial para la salud bucal. El desequilibrio de este ecosistema (disbiosis) está directamente relacionado con enfermedades periodontales, donde el complejo rojo de Socransky, particularmente las especies Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola y Tannerella forsythia, juegan un papel fundamental. También se identifican otros microorganismos relevantes como Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus y Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. La composición de la microbiota oral puede verse afectada por múltiples variables, incluyendo etnia, genética, ubicación geográfica, edad, uso de medicamentos, nivel socioeconómico, dieta, hábitat humano, cultura y educación. Dentro de la cavidad oral se hospedan una cantidad significativa de microorganismos, las cuales participan activamente en procesos como la digestión y la defensa contra patógenos. Además, el texto explora los conceptos de biofilm, equilibrio bacteriano y los mecanismos de acción de las bacterias a nivel bucal. Se discuten los probióticos recomendados para mantener una flora adecuada y los factores que pueden alterar la microbiota oral, incluyendo aspectos del huésped, ambientales, farmacológicos y locales. Finalmente, se analiza la evolución de la microbiota oral en relación con las diferentes etapas de la vida, desde el periodo prenatal hasta la edad adulta mayor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	The oral microbiota represents a dynamic and complex ecosystem that harbors between 500 and 1500 species of microorganisms, ranking second in diversity within the human organism. This literature review analyzes the relationship between the oral microbiota and periodontal health, examining the factors that influence its balance and the consequences of its disruption. The oral microbiota maintains a symbiotic balance, which is essential for oral health. The imbalance of this ecosystem (dysbiosis) is directly related to periodontal diseases, where Socransky's red complex, particularly the species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, play a fundamental role. Other relevant microorganisms such as Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are also identified. The composition of the oral microbiota can be affected by multiple variables, including ethnicity, genetics, geographic location, age, medication use, socioeconomic status, diet, human habitat, culture, and education. Within the oral cavity, a significant number of microorganisms are hosted, which actively participate in processes such as digestion and defense against pathogens. Additionally, this text explores the concepts of biofilm formation, bacterial equilibrium, and the mechanisms of bacterial action in the oral environment. Recommended probiotics for maintaining a balanced flora are discussed, along with host-related, environmental, pharmacological, and local factors that may disrupt the oral microbiota. Finally, the evolution of the oral microbiota is analyzed in relation to different stages of life, from the prenatal period to older adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	18127886
DOI:	10.24265/kiru.2025.v22n3.10