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Alergias alimentarias: aspectos clave para su definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional.

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Title: Alergias alimentarias: aspectos clave para su definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional.
Alternate Title: Food allergies: key aspects for their definition, diagnosis and nutritional treatment.
Authors: Dávila López, M. Camila1,2, Restrepo-Mesa, Sandra L.1,2 sandra.restrepo@udea.edu.co, Burgos-Salazar, Anghy M.1,2, Chinchilla, Carlos3,4, Torres Salinas, Carlos Hugo5,6, Miguel Becerra-Granados, Luis7, Morales de León, Guadalupe8, Henao Roldan, Caterine9
Source: Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición. jul-sep2025, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p196-208. 13p.
Subjects: FOOD allergy, ELIMINATION diets, MALNUTRITION, IMMUNOTHERAPY, DIAGNOSIS, CHILD nutrition, INTERPROFESSIONAL collaboration, DIET therapy
Abstract (English): Introduction: Food allergies (FA) are increasingly prevalent and have a significant impact on the nutritional status of patients. It is characterized by cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms, whose initial treatment is focused on the elimination of the food allergen. Objective: document key aspects of the definition, diagnosis and nutritional treatment of AA. Materials and methods: narrative review (2023-2024) of scientific articles found in Pubmed, Dialnet, ScienceDirect and Emberber, in addition to books and management guides, using descriptors such as "food allergy", "child nutrition" and "elimination diet". Results: 921 documents were used, 65 were included in the analysis. The worldwide prevalence of FA in pediatric age varies between 1-8%. The most common allergens are milk and egg, depending on dietary patterns. Diagnosis includes skin testing, specific IgE and oral challenge test. The main treatment is dietary elimination, in addition to immunotherapy, and pharmacological treatment to ameliorate symptoms. It was found that FA can affect nutritional status and alter the growth and development of children. Discussion: FA compromises children's nutritional health, associated with nutritional deficiencies caused by malabsorption and low nutrient intake due to elimination diets, avoidant and restrictive practices. Its diagnosis and treatment require interdisciplinary teams and family accompaniment. There are still gaps in protocols and research on nutritional impact. Conclusions: FA is classified according to the immune mediator involved and requires diagnosis and treatment guided by an elimination diet. Timely medical and nutritional care adapted to the context is key to preventing malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Las alergias alimentarias (AA) tienen una prevalencia creciente y un impacto significativo en el estado nutricional de los pacientes. Se caracteriza por síntomas cutáneos, respiratorios, cardiovasculares y gastrointestinales, cuyo tratamiento inicial está centrado en la eliminación del alérgeno alimentario. Objetivo: documentar aspectos clave de la definición, diagnóstico y tratamiento nutricional de las AA. Materiales y métodos: revisión narrativa (2023-2024) de artículos científicos encontrados en Pubmed, Dialnet, ScienceDirect y Emberber, además libros y guías de manejo, usando descriptores como "alergia alimentaria", "nutrición infantil" y "dieta de eliminación". Resultados: se partió de 921 documentos, en el análisis se incluyeron 65. La prevalencia mundial en edad pediátrica varía entre 1-8%. Los alérgenos más comunes son proteínas de la leche de vaca y huevo. El diagnóstico incluye pruebas cutáneas, IgE específica y de provocación oral. El tratamiento principal es la eliminación dietética, además de inmunoterapia y fármacos para aminorar síntomas. Se encontró que las AA pueden afectar el estado nutricional y alterar el crecimiento y desarrollo de los menores. Discusión: la AA compromete la salud nutricional infantil, asociado a carencias nutricionales causadas por malabsorción y bajo consumo de nutrientes por las dietas de eliminación, prácticas evitativas y restrictivas. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento requieren equipos interdisciplinarios y acompañamiento familiar. Aún existen vacíos en protocolos e investigaciones sobre el impacto nutricional. Conclusiones: la AA se clasifica según el mediador inmunológico implicado, requiere de un diagnóstico y tratamiento guiado por dieta de eliminación. La atención médico - nutricional oportuna y adaptada al contexto, es clave para prevenir la malnutrición. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:Introduction: Food allergies (FA) are increasingly prevalent and have a significant impact on the nutritional status of patients. It is characterized by cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal symptoms, whose initial treatment is focused on the elimination of the food allergen. Objective: document key aspects of the definition, diagnosis and nutritional treatment of AA. Materials and methods: narrative review (2023-2024) of scientific articles found in Pubmed, Dialnet, ScienceDirect and Emberber, in addition to books and management guides, using descriptors such as "food allergy", "child nutrition" and "elimination diet". Results: 921 documents were used, 65 were included in the analysis. The worldwide prevalence of FA in pediatric age varies between 1-8%. The most common allergens are milk and egg, depending on dietary patterns. Diagnosis includes skin testing, specific IgE and oral challenge test. The main treatment is dietary elimination, in addition to immunotherapy, and pharmacological treatment to ameliorate symptoms. It was found that FA can affect nutritional status and alter the growth and development of children. Discussion: FA compromises children's nutritional health, associated with nutritional deficiencies caused by malabsorption and low nutrient intake due to elimination diets, avoidant and restrictive practices. Its diagnosis and treatment require interdisciplinary teams and family accompaniment. There are still gaps in protocols and research on nutritional impact. Conclusions: FA is classified according to the immune mediator involved and requires diagnosis and treatment guided by an elimination diet. Timely medical and nutritional care adapted to the context is key to preventing malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00040622
DOI:10.37527/2025.75.3.005