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Socio-environmental determinants of zoonotic disease and cardiovascular risk: a leptospirosis case-control study in an endemic area of Indonesia and its implications for hypertension prevention.

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Title: Socio-environmental determinants of zoonotic disease and cardiovascular risk: a leptospirosis case-control study in an endemic area of Indonesia and its implications for hypertension prevention.
Alternate Title: Determinantes socioambientales de las enfermedades zoonóticas y el riesgo cardiovascular: Un estudio de casos y controles de leptospirosis en una zona endémica de Indonesia y sus implicaciones para la prevención de la hipertensión.
Authors: Nurfauzia, Elita Nadia1 elitanadia2603@gmail.com, Adi, Mateus Sakundarno1 adisakundarno@yahoo.com, Widjanarko, Bagoes1 bagoes62@gmail.com
Source: Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión. 2025, Vol. 20 Issue 9, p682-687. 6p.
Subjects: LEPTOSPIROSIS, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, ZOONOSES, INDONESIANS, PHILOSOPHY of medicine, HEALTH policy, PREVENTIVE medicine
Geographic Terms: INDONESIA
Abstract (English): This study investigates the shared socio-environmental determinants between leptospirosis and cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia's Demak Regency, an endemic leptospirosis area. Through a case-control study (48 cases/144 controls), we demonstrate that low health knowledge (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.06-4.42; p=0.034) and poor environmental conditions (aOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.39-12.88; p=0.011) significantly increase leptospirosis risk. Notably, we observed a higher hypertension prevalence among cases (29.2%) compared to controls (19.4%), suggesting potential syndemic interactions. Our findings reveal that the same socio-ecological factors driving leptospirosis transmission--including inadequate sanitation, limited health literacy, and environmental stressors--also contribute to cardiovascular risk profiles in this population. These results advocate for integrated "One Health" interventions that simultaneously address infectious disease prevention and chronic disease mitigation. By targeting common underlying determinants, public health strategies can achieve dual benefits in resource-limited tropical settings, breaking cycles of infection while reducing long-term cardiovascular risk through environmental improvements and community health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Este estudio investiga los determinantes socioambientales compartidos entre la leptospirosis y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la regencia de Demak, Indonesia, una zona endémica de leptospirosis. Mediante un estudio de casos y controles (48 casos/144 controles), demostramos que el bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre salud (ORa = 2,17; IC del 95%: 1,06-4,42; p=0,034) y las malas condiciones ambientales (ORa =4,24; IC del 95%: 1,39-12,88; p=0,011) aumentan significativamente el riesgo de leptospirosis. Cabe destacar que se observó una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión entre los casos (29,2 %) en comparación con los controles (19,4 %), lo que sugiere posibles interacciones sindémicas. Nuestros hallazgos revelan que los mismos factores socioecológicos que impulsan la transmisión de la leptospirosis --como el saneamiento inadecuado, la escasa alfabetización sanitaria y los factores de estrés ambiental-- también contribuyen a los perfiles de riesgo cardiovascular en esta población. Estos resultados abogan por intervenciones integradas de «Una Salud» que aborden simultáneamente la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas y la mitigación de enfermedades crónicas. Al abordar los determinantes subyacentes comunes, las estrategias de salud pública pueden lograr un doble beneficio en entornos tropicales con recursos limitados: romper los ciclos de infección y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular a largo plazo mediante mejoras ambientales y educación sanitaria comunitaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:This study investigates the shared socio-environmental determinants between leptospirosis and cardiovascular risk factors in Indonesia's Demak Regency, an endemic leptospirosis area. Through a case-control study (48 cases/144 controls), we demonstrate that low health knowledge (aOR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.06-4.42; p=0.034) and poor environmental conditions (aOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 1.39-12.88; p=0.011) significantly increase leptospirosis risk. Notably, we observed a higher hypertension prevalence among cases (29.2%) compared to controls (19.4%), suggesting potential syndemic interactions. Our findings reveal that the same socio-ecological factors driving leptospirosis transmission--including inadequate sanitation, limited health literacy, and environmental stressors--also contribute to cardiovascular risk profiles in this population. These results advocate for integrated "One Health" interventions that simultaneously address infectious disease prevention and chronic disease mitigation. By targeting common underlying determinants, public health strategies can achieve dual benefits in resource-limited tropical settings, breaking cycles of infection while reducing long-term cardiovascular risk through environmental improvements and community health education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:18564550
DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17314794