Complejidad anatómica de la arteria carótida interna a nivel intracavitario en caninos: Un estudio morfológico.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Complejidad anatómica de la arteria carótida interna a nivel intracavitario en caninos: Un estudio morfológico.
Alternate Title:	Anatomical complexity of the ICA intracavitary in canines: A morphological study.
Authors:	Genoud, Pablo¹ pgenoud@fvet.uba.ar, Paltenghi, Alejandra¹, Ferraro, Julieta¹, Pellegrino, Fernando¹, Figueredo, Ramiro Vidal¹
Source:	Revista Argentina de Anatomia Online. may-ago2025, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p61-66. 6p.
Subjects:	INTERNAL carotid artery, ANATOMY, CIRCLE of Willis, CANIDAE, DISSECTION, MORPHOLOGY, CRANIAL sinuses
Abstract (English):	The internal carotid artery (ICA) is essential for the vascular supply of the canine brain, yet its intracranial course and anatomical relationships remain insufficiently described in the current literature. This study aimed to characterize the trajectory of the ICA from its entry through the carotid incisure to the point at which it gives off its collateral branches to the cerebral arterial circle. Fifteen canine heads of diverse morphological conformations were dissected. Specimens were perfused with 15% formalin through the common carotid artery, and arteries and veins were injected with red and blue latex, respectively, to facilitate identification. Dissection was performed using standard microsurgical instruments and binocular loupes of varying magnification. After entering the cranial cavity through the carotid incisure, the ICA lies on the floor of the caudal cranial fossa. It perforates the dura mater and courses within the venous sinuses. Its intracranial pathway comprises three segments: (1) a vertical segment ascending from the carotid incisure through the ventral petrosal venous sinus to the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone; (2) a horizontal segment extending rostrally through the cavernous sinus (CS), where its length varies with cranial conformation and where it gives rise to an anastomotic branch to the external ophthalmic artery; and (3) a dorsal segment that curves over the medial aspect of the rostral clinoid process, perforating the roof of the CS and traversing the dura mater in the parasellar region. At this point, the artery trifurcates, providing collateral branches to the cerebral arterial circle. In most specimens, the ICA coursed within the CS; however, in two cases it was incorporated into the lateral wall of the sinus. These findings highlight the complexity and variability of the intracranial ICA in dogs. This study contributes new anatomical detail and supports further research into its functional significance and clinical and surgical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	La Arteria Carótida Interna (ACI) es crucial para la irrigación del encéfalo en caninos. Sin embargo, su recorrido y relaciones intracraneanas están escasamente descritos en la bibliografía actual. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el trayecto de la ACI desde su entrada por la incisura carotídea hasta la emisión de sus colaterales al círculo arterial del cerebro. Se disecaron 15 cabezas de caninos de diferentes conformaciones morfológicas. Los especímenes fueron inyectados con formol al 15 % por vía Arteria Carótida Común. Las arterias y venas fueron inyectadas con látex coloreado de rojo y azul respectivamente, para permitir su identificación. La disección se realizó con instrumental de neurocirugía tradicional y se utilizaron lupas binoculares de diferentes aumentos. Luego de su ingreso a la cavidad craneana a través de la incisura carotídea, la ACI se ubica en el piso de la fosa craneana caudal. Al ingresar, perfora la duramadre, y posteriormente ingresa a los senos venosos. El recorrido intracraneano de la ACI presenta tres porciones: la primera realiza un trayecto vertical desde la escotadura carotídea, perforando el seno venoso petroso ventral, y llega hasta alcanzar el límite con el ápex de la porción petrosa del hueso temporal. Luego, gira abruptamente, posicionándose en forma horizontal (segunda porción), continuando hacia rostral por el seno cavernoso (SC) alojado en la fosa craneana media. Su longitud varía dependiendo de la conformación craneana. Durante su recorrido, emite una arteria anastomótica con la Arteria Oftálmica Externa. Por último, se dirige hacia dorsal (tercera porción) sobre la parte medial del proceso clinoideo rostral, donde perfora el techo del SC, atravesando la duramadre en la región paraselar. En este punto, la arteria se trifurca, aportando colaterales al polígono arterioso del cerebro. En la mayoría de los especímenes disecados, la ACI se encontró en el interior del SC, pero en dos de ellos se encontró formando parte de la pared lateral del SC sin ubicarse en su interior. Estos hallazgos resaltan la complejidad de las relaciones anatómicas y la variabilidad en la longitud de las porciones intracraneanas de la ACI. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento sobre la ACI en caninos y subraya la importancia de futuras investigaciones para comprender mejor su papel en la irrigación cerebral, y las implicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas asociadas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	The internal carotid artery (ICA) is essential for the vascular supply of the canine brain, yet its intracranial course and anatomical relationships remain insufficiently described in the current literature. This study aimed to characterize the trajectory of the ICA from its entry through the carotid incisure to the point at which it gives off its collateral branches to the cerebral arterial circle. Fifteen canine heads of diverse morphological conformations were dissected. Specimens were perfused with 15% formalin through the common carotid artery, and arteries and veins were injected with red and blue latex, respectively, to facilitate identification. Dissection was performed using standard microsurgical instruments and binocular loupes of varying magnification. After entering the cranial cavity through the carotid incisure, the ICA lies on the floor of the caudal cranial fossa. It perforates the dura mater and courses within the venous sinuses. Its intracranial pathway comprises three segments: (1) a vertical segment ascending from the carotid incisure through the ventral petrosal venous sinus to the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone; (2) a horizontal segment extending rostrally through the cavernous sinus (CS), where its length varies with cranial conformation and where it gives rise to an anastomotic branch to the external ophthalmic artery; and (3) a dorsal segment that curves over the medial aspect of the rostral clinoid process, perforating the roof of the CS and traversing the dura mater in the parasellar region. At this point, the artery trifurcates, providing collateral branches to the cerebral arterial circle. In most specimens, the ICA coursed within the CS; however, in two cases it was incorporated into the lateral wall of the sinus. These findings highlight the complexity and variability of the intracranial ICA in dogs. This study contributes new anatomical detail and supports further research into its functional significance and clinical and surgical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	1853256X