Spatial modeling of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Colombia under climate change scenarios.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Spatial modeling of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Colombia under climate change scenarios.
Alternate Title: Modelado espacial de las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo en Colombia en caso de cambio climático.
Authors: Olivera, Mario J.1,2 molivera@ins.gov.co, Porras-Villamil, Julián Felipe3, Fuente, Màrius Vicent2
Source: Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 2025 Special Issue, Vol. 45, p68-82. 15p.
Subjects: CLIMATE change, PUBLIC health, HELMINTHIASIS, HOOKWORMS, ASCARIS lumbricoides, GEOGRAPHIC spatial analysis, WHIPWORMS
Geographic Terms: COLOMBIA
Abstract (English): Introduction. Soil-transmitted helminthiases remain a significant public health burden in Colombia, especially in rural and tropical areas. Climate change is expected to alter environmental conditions that favor the survival and transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms. Objective. To estimate the current spatial distribution of these infections and project prevalence changes by 2035 under climate change scenarios, with and without public health interventions. Materials and methods. An ecological study with spatial modeling was conducted, integrating epidemiological, climatic, and biological data. Baseline prevalence data were obtained from the Encuesta Nacional de Parasitismo Intestinal (2012-2014). Climate projections from the ERA5-Land satellite product (2024-2035) were used alongside generalized additive models to estimate environmental suitability. A systematic review defined optimal temperature and humidity thresholds for the development of infective stages. Two scenarios were modeled: one without intervention and another with mass drug administration and improved sanitation. Results. Baseline prevalence was 11.3% for A. lumbricoides, 18.4% for T. trichiura, and 6.4% for hookworms, with highest rates in Amazonia and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In a no-intervention scenario, projected prevalences increased to 13.6, 21.2, and 8.0%, respectively. The intervention scenario reduced these to 6.8%, 12.7%, and 5.6%. Temperature and humidity were strong positive predictors (p < 0.01), while altitude and forest cover showed negative associations. Conclusions. Climate change may intensify soil-transmitted helminthiases transmission in Colombia by 2035. However, sustained control strategies could significantly mitigate this impact. Spatial modeling offers a valuable tool to guide targeted interventions and inform public health planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción. Las geohelmintiasis siguen siendo una carga importante para la salud pública en Colombia, especialmente en zonas rurales y tropicales. Se espera que el cambio climático modifique las condiciones ambientales que favorecen la supervivencia y la transmisión de Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura y uncinarias. Objetivo. Estimar la distribución espacial actual de estas infecciones y proyectar cambios en la prevalencia hacia 2035 con el cambio climático, con intervenciones en salud pública y sin ellas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico con modelado espacial que integró datos epidemiológicos, climáticos y biológicos. La prevalencia basal provino de la Encuesta Nacional de Parasitismo Intestinal (2012-2014). Se utilizaron proyecciones climáticas del producto satelital ERA5-Land (2024-2035) y modelos aditivos generalizados para estimar la idoneidad ambiental. Se establecieron rangos óptimos de temperatura y humedad mediante una revisión sistemática. Se modelaron dos escenarios: sin intervención y con desparasitación masiva y mejoras en saneamiento. Resultados. La prevalencia basal fue de 11,3 % para A. lumbricoides, 18,4 % para T. trichiura y 6,4 % para uncinarias, con tasas más altas en la Amazonía y la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Sin intervención, las prevalencias proyectadas aumentaron a 13,6, 21,2 y 8,0 %, respectivamente. Con intervención, se redujeron a 6,8, 12,7 y 5,6 %. La temperatura y humedad fueron predictores positivos significativos (p < 0,01), mientras que la altitud y la cobertura boscosa mostraron asociaciones negativas. Conclusiones. El cambio climático podría intensificar la transmisión de las geohelmintiasis en Colombia hacia el 2035, pero las estrategias sostenidas de control pueden mitigar este impacto. El modelado espacial es una herramienta útil para planificar intervenciones focalizadas en salud pública. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:Introduction. Soil-transmitted helminthiases remain a significant public health burden in Colombia, especially in rural and tropical areas. Climate change is expected to alter environmental conditions that favor the survival and transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms. Objective. To estimate the current spatial distribution of these infections and project prevalence changes by 2035 under climate change scenarios, with and without public health interventions. Materials and methods. An ecological study with spatial modeling was conducted, integrating epidemiological, climatic, and biological data. Baseline prevalence data were obtained from the Encuesta Nacional de Parasitismo Intestinal (2012-2014). Climate projections from the ERA5-Land satellite product (2024-2035) were used alongside generalized additive models to estimate environmental suitability. A systematic review defined optimal temperature and humidity thresholds for the development of infective stages. Two scenarios were modeled: one without intervention and another with mass drug administration and improved sanitation. Results. Baseline prevalence was 11.3% for A. lumbricoides, 18.4% for T. trichiura, and 6.4% for hookworms, with highest rates in Amazonia and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In a no-intervention scenario, projected prevalences increased to 13.6, 21.2, and 8.0%, respectively. The intervention scenario reduced these to 6.8%, 12.7%, and 5.6%. Temperature and humidity were strong positive predictors (p < 0.01), while altitude and forest cover showed negative associations. Conclusions. Climate change may intensify soil-transmitted helminthiases transmission in Colombia by 2035. However, sustained control strategies could significantly mitigate this impact. Spatial modeling offers a valuable tool to guide targeted interventions and inform public health planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01204157
DOI:10.7705/biomedica.7965