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Characterization of Colombian departments based on climatic factors, infrastructure, basic service access, and dengue incidence rate.

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Title: Characterization of Colombian departments based on climatic factors, infrastructure, basic service access, and dengue incidence rate.
Alternate Title: Caracterización de los departamentos de Colombia basada en factores climáticos, infraestructura, acceso a servicios básicos y tasa de incidencia de dengue.
Authors: Portilla, Jennyfer1 jennyfer.portilla@correounivalle.edu.co, Tovar-Cuevas, José2, Manotas, Diego1
Source: Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 2025 Special Issue, Vol. 45, p83-99. 17p.
Subjects: DENGUE, DISEASE incidence, COUNTRIES, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, HEALTH policy, WEATHER, GEOGRAPHIC boundaries, INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics)
Geographic Terms: COLOMBIA
Abstract (English): Introduction. Dengue is an endemic disease in Colombia, with spatial variations influenced by climatic, socioeconomic, and basic service access factors. Territorial characterization based on these determinants supports a better understanding of disease distribution and enables the design of more effective control strategies. Objectives. To identify groups of departments in Colombia based on the relationship between dengue incidence rates and climatic, socioeconomic, and basic service access factors in 2023. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia, the Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida, and satellite sources, such as ERA5 and CHIRPS. Variables related to access to basic services (drinking water, sewage, and waste collection), housing deficit, temperature, precipitation, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed. A multiple factor analysis was applied to reduce dimensionality, followed by hierarchical clustering and self-organizing maps to identify department groupings. Results. Three groups of departments with distinct characteristics were identified. The most vulnerable group (group 3) showed an average incidence rate of 1,046.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, associated with extreme housing deficits, limited access to basic services, and climatic conditions favorable for vector proliferation. Conclusions. The analysis identified key territorial patterns in dengue incidence and highlighted the influence of structural factors on disease transmission. These findings provide a foundation to strengthen public policies and design more targeted prevention and control strategies in the most vulnerable regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción. El dengue es una enfermedad endémica en Colombia cuya incidencia varía espacialmente debido a factores climáticos, socioeconómicos y de acceso a servicios básicos. La caracterización territorial basada en estos factores determinantes permite comprender la distribución de la enfermedad y orientar estrategias de control más precisas. Objetivo. Identificar grupos de departamentos de Colombia según la relación entre las tasas de incidencia de dengue y los factores climáticos, socioeconómicos y de acceso a servicios básicos en el 2023. Materiales y métodos. Se recopilaron datos del Instituto Nacional de Salud, la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida y fuentes satelitales, como ERA5 y CHIRPS. Se analizaron las variables relacionadas con el acceso a los servicios básicos (agua potable, alcantarillado y recolección de basuras), el déficit habitacional, la temperatura, la precipitación y el Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Se hizo un análisis factorial múltiple para reducir la dimensionalidad y, posteriormente, se identificaron conglomerados (clusters) jerárquicos y mapas autoorganizados. Resultados. Se identificaron tres grupos de departamentos con características diferenciadas. El grupo más vulnerable (grupo 3) registró una tasa de incidencia promedio de 1.046,87 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes, asociada con un déficit habitacional extremo, acceso limitado a los servicios básicos y condiciones climáticas favorables para la proliferación del vector. Conclusiones. El análisis permitió identificar patrones territoriales clave en la incidencia del dengue y evidenció la influencia de otros factores estructurales en la propagación de la enfermedad. Estos hallazgos pueden servir como base para fortalecer el diseño de políticas públicas y orientar estrategias de prevención y control más focalizadas en las regiones más vulnerables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:Introduction. Dengue is an endemic disease in Colombia, with spatial variations influenced by climatic, socioeconomic, and basic service access factors. Territorial characterization based on these determinants supports a better understanding of disease distribution and enables the design of more effective control strategies. Objectives. To identify groups of departments in Colombia based on the relationship between dengue incidence rates and climatic, socioeconomic, and basic service access factors in 2023. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia, the Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida, and satellite sources, such as ERA5 and CHIRPS. Variables related to access to basic services (drinking water, sewage, and waste collection), housing deficit, temperature, precipitation, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed. A multiple factor analysis was applied to reduce dimensionality, followed by hierarchical clustering and self-organizing maps to identify department groupings. Results. Three groups of departments with distinct characteristics were identified. The most vulnerable group (group 3) showed an average incidence rate of 1,046.87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, associated with extreme housing deficits, limited access to basic services, and climatic conditions favorable for vector proliferation. Conclusions. The analysis identified key territorial patterns in dengue incidence and highlighted the influence of structural factors on disease transmission. These findings provide a foundation to strengthen public policies and design more targeted prevention and control strategies in the most vulnerable regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01204157
DOI:10.7705/biomedica.7865