Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Delafloxacin: what does a new fluoroquinolone offer? |
| Alternate Title: |
Delafloxacino: ¿qué aporta una nueva fluoroquinolona? |
| Authors: |
Cercenado, Emilia1 ecercenado@gmail.com, Murillo, Oscar2,3 |
| Source: |
Revista Española de Quimioterapia. abr2026, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p104-124. 21p. |
| Subjects: |
FLUOROQUINOLONES, ANTIBACTERIAL agents, PHARMACOKINETICS, GRAM-negative bacteria, DNA topoisomerase II, METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus |
| Abstract (English): |
Delafloxacin is a novel anionic fluoroquinolone with a different chemical structure from currently marketed fluoroquinolones, which gives it distinct physicochemical characteristics, being active in both acidic and neutral environments. Delafloxacin is also unique in showing a dual-targeted equipotent inhibition of the essential bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which may explain the very low frequencies of spontaneous mutations in vitro. It shows potent in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative bacteria, including some fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, and increased efficiency against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, although it is always necessary to determine the in vitro activity of delafloxacin against fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Delafloxacin exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, a wide volume of distribution, and a concentration-dependent pattern of antimicrobial killing, a property that allows the use of high doses for greater effectiveness in some difficult-to-treat infections. Delafloxacin is available for clinical use in oral and intravenous formulations and has been approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia based on the results from phase II and III clinical trials. Overall, delafloxacin has been well tolerated and has a low profile of drug-drug interactions. Its activity in local acidic environments and biofilms could play a role in the treatment of biofilm-related infections such as osteoarticular and medical device-associated infections, and due to its broad spectrum, it can also be useful in polymicrobial infections. Delafloxacin is an interesting new addition to the therapeutic arsenal against common and difficult-to-treat infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Spanish): |
Delafloxacino es una nueva fluoroquinolona aniónica con una estructura química diferente a otras fluoroquinolonas, lo que le confiere características fisicoquímicas distintivas, siendo activa tanto en ambientes ácidos como neutros. Además, presenta la singularidad de inhibir simultáneamente la ADN girasa y la topoisomerasa IV, lo que puede explicar la baja frecuencia de mutaciones espontáneas in vitro. Presenta una potente actividad in vitro frente a un amplio espectro de bacterias gramnegativas, incluidas algunas cepas resistentes a las fluoroquinolonas, y una mayor eficacia frente a grampositivas, incluyendo Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina, aunque siempre es necesario determinar su actividad in vitro frente a aislados resistentes a otras fluoroquinolonas. Delafloxacino tiene una farmacocinética lineal, un amplio volumen de distribución y su farmacodinamia es concentración-dependiente, lo que permite el uso de dosis altas para obtener mayor eficacia en algunas infecciones difíciles de tratar. Delafloxacino está disponible para uso clínico por vía oral e intravenosa, y en base a ensayos clínicos en fase II y III, se ha aprobado para el tratamiento de infecciones bacterianas agudas de la piel y estructuras blandas y de la neumonía aguda bacteriana comunitaria. En general, delafloxacino se tolera bien y presenta escasas interacciones farmacológicas. Su actividad en medios ácidos y en biopelículas podría ser útil para el tratamiento de infecciones relacionadas con biopelículas, como las osteoarticulares y las asociadas a dispositivos médicos. Además, por su amplio espectro, también puede ser útil en infecciones polimicrobianas. Delafloxacino es una interesante incorporación para el tratamiento de infecciones habituales y difíciles de tratar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: |
MedicLatina |
