Factores de riesgo en fistula del muñón duodenal post gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Factores de riesgo en fistula del muñón duodenal post gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico.
Alternate Title: Risk factors for duodenal stump fistula after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Authors: Araya, Javiera1, Cruz, Enrique, Cruz, Ignacio, Villegas, Rodrigo, Panza, Matías, Csendes, Attila1 acsendes@hcuch.cl
Source: Revista de Cirugia. 2026, Vol. 78 Issue 3, p243-251. 9p.
Abstract (English): Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with duodenal stump fistula (DSF) in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in a high-volume university hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a prospectively maintained institutional registry of patients who underwent curative-intent total or subtotal gastrectomy (R0) between 2004 and 2024. Demographic, clinical, nutritional, surgical, and histopathological variables were collected. DSF was defined by clinical, biochemical, radiological, or intraoperative criteria, typically diagnosed within the first 10 postoperative days. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests and log-binomial regression to identify factors associated with DSF. Results: A total of 762 patients were included, with a DSF incidence of 3.1% (n = 24). No significant differences were observed between groups in age, sex, comorbidities, or nutritional status. Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was the only independent risk factor identified (RR 6.16; 95% CI 1.50–25.38; p = 0.012). Patients with DSF showed a significantly longer median hospital stay (24.5 vs. 8 days; p < 0.001) and a 30- and 90-day mortality of 11% and 19%, respectively. Management was conservative in 47% of cases, while 53% required surgical intervention, most commonly duodenostomy with external drainage. Conclusions: Duodenal stump fistula remains a rare but serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. In this large institutional cohort, conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was the only significant risk factor identified. Early diagnosis, appropriate drainage, and selective surgical management remain essential to improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia, características clínicas y factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de fístula del muñón duodenal (FMD) en pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico en un centro universitario chileno, considerando además la evolución temporal y las estrategias de manejo utilizadas. Materiales y Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva basada en un registro institucional prospectivo de pacientes sometidos a gastrectomía subtotal o total con intención curativa (R0) por adenocarcinoma gástrico entre 2004 y 2024. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas, nutricionales, quirúrgicas e histopatológicas. La FMD se definió mediante criterios clínicos, bioquímicos, radiológicos o quirúrgicos. El desenlace primario fue la aparición de FMD. Se emplearon pruebas no paramétricas, análisis categóricos y modelos de regresión log-binomial ajustados por edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Se incluyeron 762 pacientes; la incidencia de FMD fue 3,14% (n = 24). No se observaron diferencias significativas en edad, sexo, comorbilidades o parámetros nutricionales entre los grupos con y sin FMD. La conversión de laparoscopía a cirugía abierta fue el único factor asociado de manera independiente al desarrollo de FMD (RR 6,16; IC95% 1,50–25,38). Los pacientes con FMD presentaron una mediana de hospitalización significativamente mayor (24,5 vs. 8 días; p < 0,001). La mortalidad fue del 11% a 30 días y 19% a 90 días. El 47% respondió al manejo conservador y el 53% requirió cirugía, destacando la duodenostomía de descarga como técnica de rescate en casos seleccionados. Conclusiones: La FMD es una complicación infrecuente pero de alta morbimortalidad en el contexto de la gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico. En esta cohorte, la conversión de cirugía laparoscópica a abierta emergió como el único factor de riesgo significativo. La identificación precoz, la presencia de drenajes eficaces y el uso selectivo de técnicas quirúrgicas de rescate continúan siendo elementos clave en su manejo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with duodenal stump fistula (DSF) in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma in a high-volume university hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a prospectively maintained institutional registry of patients who underwent curative-intent total or subtotal gastrectomy (R0) between 2004 and 2024. Demographic, clinical, nutritional, surgical, and histopathological variables were collected. DSF was defined by clinical, biochemical, radiological, or intraoperative criteria, typically diagnosed within the first 10 postoperative days. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests and log-binomial regression to identify factors associated with DSF. Results: A total of 762 patients were included, with a DSF incidence of 3.1% (n = 24). No significant differences were observed between groups in age, sex, comorbidities, or nutritional status. Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was the only independent risk factor identified (RR 6.16; 95% CI 1.50–25.38; p = 0.012). Patients with DSF showed a significantly longer median hospital stay (24.5 vs. 8 days; p < 0.001) and a 30- and 90-day mortality of 11% and 19%, respectively. Management was conservative in 47% of cases, while 53% required surgical intervention, most commonly duodenostomy with external drainage. Conclusions: Duodenal stump fistula remains a rare but serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. In this large institutional cohort, conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was the only significant risk factor identified. Early diagnosis, appropriate drainage, and selective surgical management remain essential to improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:24524557
DOI:10.35687/s2452-454920260032878