Fractura del hallux: anatomía, biomecánica, clasificación, manejo y rehabilitación. Revisión narrativa.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Fractura del hallux: anatomía, biomecánica, clasificación, manejo y rehabilitación. Revisión narrativa.
Alternate Title:	Hallux fracture: anatomy, biomechanics, classification, management, and rehabilitation. Narrative review.
Authors:	Romero-Ante, J. M.¹ juanmaro04041977@gmail.com, Hernández-Devia, A.²
Source:	Acta Ortopédica Mexicana. May/Jun2026, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p179-186. 8p.
Subjects:	Foot fractures, Anatomy, Therapeutics, Classification, Rehabilitation, Surgery, Biomechanics
Abstract (English):	Introduction: fractures of the proximal phalanx of the hallux are among the most common forefoot injuries and are of significant clinical relevance due to their impact on gait biomechanics. These fractures may vary according to the mechanism of injury, the degree of articular involvement, and the associated soft tissue damage. Several therapeutic options are available, including conservative treatment and surgical management using different techniques and implants. Therefore, a review of the English and Spanish language literature published over the last 30 years regarding these fractures was conducted. Objective: to gather the general information available about fractures affecting the proximal phalanx of the hallux, in relation to anatomy, biomechanics, trauma mechanism, clinical evaluation, fracture classification, management options and rehabilitation protocol. Material and methods: the available literature from 1993 to 2024 was reviewed, including information obtained from textbooks and databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, to unify the most important concepts published so far. Conclusion: traumatic injuries affecting the hallux should be adequately evaluated after figuring out the causal mechanism and do a right radiographic inspection, to rule out fractures or fracture-dislocation, which may require, according to stability or instability criteria, a possible surgical management. Many injuries are susceptible to conservative management, but in selected cases, closed or open reduction with the use of implants may become necessary to reduce the probability of symptomatic and/or functional sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Introducción: las fracturas de la falange proximal del hallux se encuentran dentro de las lesiones más frecuentes del antepié con alta relevancia clínica debido a su impacto en la biomecánica de la marcha. Estas fracturas pueden variar de acuerdo al mecanismo del trauma, el compromiso articular y la afectación de partes blandas. Existen diferentes opciones terapéuticas incluyendo tratamiento conservador y manejo quirúrgico con diferentes técnicas e implantes, por lo que se realizó una revisión de la literatura en inglés y español de los últimos 30 años sobre estas fracturas. Objetivo: reunir la información general disponible acerca de las fracturas que afectan la falange proximal del hallux, con relación a la anatomía, biomecánica, mecanismo de trauma, evaluación clínica, clasificación de la fractura, opciones de manejo y plan de rehabilitación. Material y métodos: se revisó la literatura disponible desde 1993 hasta 2024, obtenida de libros de texto y bases de datos como PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, con el fin de unificar los conceptos más importantes hasta el momento publicados. Conclusión: las lesiones traumáticas que afectan el hallux deben evaluarse de manera adecuada, tras determinar el mecanismo causal y la inspección radiográfica, en búsqueda de fracturas o luxofracturas, las cuales pueden exhibir criterios de estabilidad o inestabilidad que nos inclinen la balanza para la toma de decisiones hacia un posible manejo quirúrgico. La gran mayoría de lesiones son susceptibles de manejo conservador; en casos seleccionados, la reducción cerrada o abierta con el uso de implantes puede llegar a ser necesaria para disminuir la probabilidad de secuelas sintomáticas y/o funcionales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Introduction: fractures of the proximal phalanx of the hallux are among the most common forefoot injuries and are of significant clinical relevance due to their impact on gait biomechanics. These fractures may vary according to the mechanism of injury, the degree of articular involvement, and the associated soft tissue damage. Several therapeutic options are available, including conservative treatment and surgical management using different techniques and implants. Therefore, a review of the English and Spanish language literature published over the last 30 years regarding these fractures was conducted. Objective: to gather the general information available about fractures affecting the proximal phalanx of the hallux, in relation to anatomy, biomechanics, trauma mechanism, clinical evaluation, fracture classification, management options and rehabilitation protocol. Material and methods: the available literature from 1993 to 2024 was reviewed, including information obtained from textbooks and databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, to unify the most important concepts published so far. Conclusion: traumatic injuries affecting the hallux should be adequately evaluated after figuring out the causal mechanism and do a right radiographic inspection, to rule out fractures or fracture-dislocation, which may require, according to stability or instability criteria, a possible surgical management. Many injuries are susceptible to conservative management, but in selected cases, closed or open reduction with the use of implants may become necessary to reduce the probability of symptomatic and/or functional sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	23064102
DOI:	10.35366/123288