Bibliographic Details
| Title: |
Genética predictiva y justicia social en la medicina personalizada: enfoque bioético. |
| Alternate Title: |
Predictive genetics and social justice in personalized medicine: a bioethical perspective. |
| Authors: |
Ortiz-Cruz, G.1 ortiz.gabriela@uadec.edu.mx, Gomes-Araujo, R.2, Nupo, S. S.3 |
| Source: |
Revista CONAMED. ene-mar2026, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p21-31. 11p. |
| Subjects: |
Bioethics, Social justice, Health equity, Ethical problems, Individualized medicine, Genetic risk score, Genetic testing, Health care industry |
| Geographic Terms: |
Mexico |
| Abstract (English): |
Objective. To analyze the role of predictive genetics in personalized medicine, highlighting its clinical benefits and the ethical and social challenges of implementation in Mexico, with emphasis on equity and justice in genomic access. Methods. A narrative review of recent literature and the Mexican healthcare context was conducted, integrating clinical evidence, national patient safety statistics, and a bioethical analysis based on the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Results. Predictive genetics enables early identification of disease risk and individualized treatment design, fostering a shift toward preventive medicine. Applications include population screening, family counseling, and therapeutic decision-making. However, barriers persist in Mexico: insufficient infrastructure, limited medical training, high costs of genetic testing, and territorial inequalities. These factors create a "two-speed medicine," with restricted access in the public sector and overuse in the private sector. Evidence shows that person-centered care improves clinical efficiency without significantly extending consultation time, while bidirectional communication and "decision aids" strengthen patient autonomy and informed consent. Conclusions. Predictive genetics has transformative potential, but its value depends on equitable access and respect for cultural diversity. Democratizing genomic medicine in Mexico requires strengthening public infrastructure, training professionals, protecting genetic data, and designing inclusive policies. The proposed "ethical pathway of the genomic patient"—risk assessment, informed consent, clinical interpretation, family communication, and ethical follow-up—serves as a guide for responsible and just clinical decisions. Personalized medicine will only achieve legitimacy if grounded in bioethical principles and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Spanish): |
Objetivo. Analizar el papel de la genética predictiva en la medicina personalizada, sus beneficios clínicos y los principales retos éticos y sociales que enfrenta su implementación en México, con énfasis en la equidad y la justicia social en el acceso a servicios genómicos. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura reciente y del contexto nacional, integrando evidencia clínica, datos estadísticos sobre seguridad del paciente y análisis bioético de los principios de autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia. Resultados. La genética predictiva permite anticipar enfermedades y diseñar tratamientos individualizados, favoreciendo la transición hacia una medicina preventiva. Sus aplicaciones incluyen tamizajes poblacionales, asesoramiento familiar y decisiones terapéuticas. Sin embargo, en México persisten barreras estructurales: infraestructura insuficiente, escasa capacitación médica, altos costos de pruebas y desigualdades territoriales. Estas limitaciones generan una "medicina de dos velocidades", con acceso restringido en el sistema público y sobreinformación en el privado. La evidencia demuestra que la atención centrada en la persona mejora la eficiencia clínica sin prolongar significativamente la consulta, mientras que la comunicación bidireccional y el uso de "decision aids" fortalecen la autonomía y la calidad del consentimiento informado. Conclusiones. La genética predictiva tiene un potencial transformador, pero su valor depende de garantizar acceso equitativo y respetuoso de la diversidad cultural. Democratizar la medicina genómica en México exige fortalecer la infraestructura pública, capacitar profesionales, proteger datos genéticos y diseñar políticas inclusivas. Se propone el modelo del "camino ético del paciente genómico", que integra cinco etapas —evaluación de riesgo, consentimiento informado, interpretación clínica, comunicación familiar y seguimiento ético— como guía para decisiones clínicas justas y responsables. La medicina personalizada solo será legítima si se sustenta en principios bioéticos y justicia social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
|
Copyright of Revista CONAMED is the property of Comision Nacional de Arbitraje Medico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| Database: |
MedicLatina |
