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Mortalidad por asma en Colombia: análisis de tres décadas y efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19.

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Title: Mortalidad por asma en Colombia: análisis de tres décadas y efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19.
Alternate Title: Asthma mortality in Colombia: a three-decade analysis and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Zakzuk, Josefina1,2 jzakzuks@unicartagena.edu.co, Caraballo, Luis1, Alvis Guzmán, Nelson2
Source: Revista Alergia de Mexico. Apr-Jun2026, Vol. 73 Issue 2, p137-152. 16p.
Abstract (English): OBJECTIVES: To describe asthma mortality trends in Colombia from 1990 to 2021 and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the 2020-2021 period. METHODS: A retrospective and observational study, carried out from the analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021, was used to estimate agestandardized prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for asthma in Colombia. Additionally, crude asthma mortality data for the period 2015–2023 were obtained from the National Department of Statistics of Colombia (DANE). Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression, and crude mortality rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to estimate excess mortality. RESULTS: A significant decline in asthma mortality was observed in Colombia between 1990 and 2021 (average annual percent change [AAPC]: −1.5%; 95%CI: −1.7 to −1.3), consistent with global trends. However, during 2020–2021, asthma-related mortality in Colombia increased from 0.43 to 0.63 per 100,000 population compared with the 2015–2019 period (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.35–1.64), with a greater relative increase among individuals older than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite sustained reductions in asthma mortality over three decades in Colombia, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a substantial increase in asthma-related deaths, highlighting the importance of maintaining continuity of care for chronic diseases during public health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): OBJETIVOS: Analizar las tendencias de mortalidad por asma en Colombia entre 1990 y 2021, y evaluar la repercusión de la pandemia por COVID-19 durante el período 2020-2021. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional, llevado a cabo a partir del análisis datos del Global Burden of Disease 2021 para estimar la prevalencia, mortalidad y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALYs), estandarizados por edad en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se analizaron los registros de mortalidad cruda por asma correspondientes al período 2015-2023 del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Las tendencias temporales se evaluaron mediante regresión Joinpoint y se compararon las tasas de mortalidad cruda antes y durante la pandemia para estimar la mortalidad en exceso. RESULTADOS: Se observó una disminución significativa de la mortalidad por asma en Colombia entre 1990 y 2021 (AAPC: −1.5%; IC95%: −1.7 a −1.3), similar a la tendencia mundial. Sin embargo, durante 2020-2021 la mortalidad por asma se incrementó de 0.43 a 0.63 por cada 100,000 habitantes versus 2015-2019 (RR = 1.49; CI95%: 1.35-1.64), con un incremento relativo mayor en personas mayores de 65 años. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de la reducción sostenida de mortalidad por asma en Colombia durante tres décadas, la pandemia por COVID-19 se asoció con aumento significativo de las defunciones por esta causa, lo que resalta la necesidad de garantizar la continuidad de atención por enfermedades crónicas durante periodos de emergencia de salud pública. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:OBJECTIVES: To describe asthma mortality trends in Colombia from 1990 to 2021 and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the 2020-2021 period. METHODS: A retrospective and observational study, carried out from the analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021, was used to estimate agestandardized prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for asthma in Colombia. Additionally, crude asthma mortality data for the period 2015–2023 were obtained from the National Department of Statistics of Colombia (DANE). Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression, and crude mortality rates before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to estimate excess mortality. RESULTS: A significant decline in asthma mortality was observed in Colombia between 1990 and 2021 (average annual percent change [AAPC]: −1.5%; 95%CI: −1.7 to −1.3), consistent with global trends. However, during 2020–2021, asthma-related mortality in Colombia increased from 0.43 to 0.63 per 100,000 population compared with the 2015–2019 period (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.35–1.64), with a greater relative increase among individuals older than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Despite sustained reductions in asthma mortality over three decades in Colombia, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a substantial increase in asthma-related deaths, highlighting the importance of maintaining continuity of care for chronic diseases during public health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00025151
DOI:10.29262/ram.v73i2.1597