BIOMARCADORES DE ESTRÉS COMO INDICADORES DE BIENESTAR ANIMAL EN GANADO DE CARNE.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	BIOMARCADORES DE ESTRÉS COMO INDICADORES DE BIENESTAR ANIMAL EN GANADO DE CARNE.
Alternate Title:	STRESS BIOMARKERS AS INDICATORS OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN CATTLE BEEF FARMING.
Authors:	Romero Peñuela, Marlyn Hellen¹ marlyn.romero@ucaldas.edu.co, Uribe-Velásquez, Luis Fernando¹ lfuribe@ucaldas.edu.co, Sánchez Valencia, Jorge Alberto¹ jorge.sanchez@ucaldas.edu.co
Source:	Biosalud. ene-jun2011, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p71-87. 17p.
Subjects:	EFFECT of stress on animals, ANIMAL welfare, MEAT quality, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC hormone, ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, CATECHOLAMINES, LIVESTOCK
Abstract (English):	The present review presents the physiological changes that occur in cattle during acute stress, as well as blood biomarkers used to measure their impact on animal welfare. During the preslaughter process, cattle are often exposed to different factors that cause physical exhaustion and physiological stress which can have adverse effects on health, animal welfare, and meat quality. The most common stressors are: fast and forced movements of the truck, centrifuged force, breakdown of the social structure due to mixing of the animals, strange environment, rough treatment of cattle during loading and unloading, weather conditions, deprivation of feed and water among others. Stress has been identified as an indicator of animal welfare. Stress alters the internal animal homeostasis inducing changes in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympathoadreno- medullary system. The endocrine activation promotes the release of several hormones: catecholamines, mainly adrenaline and noradrenaline; corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH); adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroids, mainly cortisol. Different authors have used several blood constituents to determine stress. Cortisol, despite its variability and short life, is still one the most used indicators of stress. These authors have also used the packed cell volume (PCV), glucose concentration, creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity, β-hidroxybutyrate and lactate concentration as stress indicators. The determination of these biomarkers is a practical method to monitor animal welfare in cattle beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	La presente revisión presenta los cambios fisiológicos que presentan los bovinos durante el estrés agudo, así como los biomarcadores sanguíneos utilizados para medir su impacto en el bienestar animal. Durante el presacrificio, el ganado es expuesto con frecuencia a diferentes factores que causan agotamiento físico y estrés fisiológico, los cuales pueden tener efectos adversos para la salud, el bienestar animal y la calidad de la carne. Los más comunes factores son: velocidad y movimientos bruscos del camión, ruido, fuerza centrífuga, ruptura de la estructura social debido a la mezcla de animales, ambiente extraño, manejo rudo de los bovinos durante el cargue y descargue, condiciones climáticas, privación de alimento y agua, entre otros. El estrés ha sido utilizado como un indicador de bienestar animal. Este altera la homeostasis interna de los animales induciendo cambios en la actividad del eje hipotálamo-pituitaria-adrenocortical (HPA) y el sistema simpático-adreno-medular. La activación endocrina promueve la liberación de varias hormonas: catecolaminas, especialmente adrenalina y noradrenalina; hormona liberadora de corticotropina (CRH); hormona adrenocorticotrópica (ACTH) y corticosteroides, principalmente cortisol. Diferentes autores han utilizado distintos constituyentes sanguíneos para determinar el estrés. El cortisol, a pesar de su variabilidad y vida corta, sigue siendo uno de los indicadores más usados. Estos autores también han usado el volumen celular acumulado (VGA), la concentración de glucosa, la actividad de la enzima creatinfosfoquinasa (CK), las concentraciones de β-hidroxibutirato y lactato, como indicadores de estrés. La determinación de estos biomarcadores es un método práctico para monitorear el bienestar animal en ganado bovino de carne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	The present review presents the physiological changes that occur in cattle during acute stress, as well as blood biomarkers used to measure their impact on animal welfare. During the preslaughter process, cattle are often exposed to different factors that cause physical exhaustion and physiological stress which can have adverse effects on health, animal welfare, and meat quality. The most common stressors are: fast and forced movements of the truck, centrifuged force, breakdown of the social structure due to mixing of the animals, strange environment, rough treatment of cattle during loading and unloading, weather conditions, deprivation of feed and water among others. Stress has been identified as an indicator of animal welfare. Stress alters the internal animal homeostasis inducing changes in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympathoadreno- medullary system. The endocrine activation promotes the release of several hormones: catecholamines, mainly adrenaline and noradrenaline; corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH); adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosteroids, mainly cortisol. Different authors have used several blood constituents to determine stress. Cortisol, despite its variability and short life, is still one the most used indicators of stress. These authors have also used the packed cell volume (PCV), glucose concentration, creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity, β-hidroxybutyrate and lactate concentration as stress indicators. The determination of these biomarkers is a practical method to monitor animal welfare in cattle beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	16579550