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The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.

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Title: The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.
Authors: Sharmin S; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia., Roos I; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia., Simpson-Yap S; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7000, Australia., Malpas C; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia., Sánchez MM; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain., Ozakbas S; Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Konak/Izmir 35220, Turkey., Horakova D; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic., Havrdova EK; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic., Patti F; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania 95123, Italy., Alroughani R; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq 73767, Kuwait., Izquierdo G; Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain., Eichau S; Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain., Boz C; Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital, Trabzon 61080, Turkey., Zakaria M; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt., Onofrj M; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy., Lugaresi A; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy., Weinstock-Guttman B; Department of Neurology, Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo 14202, USA., Prat A; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada., Girard M; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada., Duquette P; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada., Terzi M; Faculty of Medicine, 19 Mayis University, Samsun 55160, Turkey., Amato MP; Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy., Karabudak R; Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 6100, Turkey., Grand'Maison F; Neuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec J4V 2J2, Canada., Khoury SJ; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon., Grammond P; Médecine spécialisée, CISSS Chaudière-Appalaches, Levis G6X 0A1, Canada., Lechner-Scott J; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2305, Australia., Buzzard K; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne 3128, Australia., Skibina O; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne 3128, Australia., van der Walt A; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia., Butzkueven H; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia., Turkoglu R; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey., Altintas A; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul 34450, Turkey., Maimone D; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania 95124, Italy., Kermode A; Perron Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia., Shalaby N; Department of Neurology, Kasr Al Ainy MS Research Unit (KAMSU), Cairo 11562, Egypt., Pesch VV; Service de Neurologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200 BXL, Belgium., Butler E; Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia., Sidhom Y; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia., Gouider R; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.; Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia., Mrabet S; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.; Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia., Gerlach O; Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen 5500, The Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6131 BK, The Netherlands., Soysal A; Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul 34147, Turkey., Barnett M; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney 2050, Australia., Kuhle J; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland., Hughes S; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK., Sa MJ; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto 4200-319, Portugal., Hodgkinson S; Immune tolerance laboratory Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia., Oreja-Guevara C; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid 28050, Spain., Ampapa R; MS centrum, Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava 58633, Czech Republic., Petersen T; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C 8000, Denmark., Ramo-Tello C; Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 8916, Spain., Spitaleri D; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino 83100, Italy., McCombe P; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4000, Australia., Taylor B; Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart 7000, Australia., Prevost J; Département de neurologie, CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome J7Z 5T3, Canada., Foschi M; Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna 48121, Italy., Slee M; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia., McGuigan C; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 T6F4, Ireland., Laureys G; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium., Hijfte LV; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium., de Gans K; Department of Neurology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda 2800 BB, The Netherlands., Solaro C; Department of Rehabilitation, CRRF 'Mons. Luigi Novarese', Moncrivello (VC) 16153, Italy., Oh J; Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B1W8, Canada., Macdonell R; Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia., Aguera-Morales E; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba 14004, Spain., Singhal B; Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai 400020, India., Gray O; Department of Neurology, South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast BT16, UK., Garber J; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia., Wijmeersch BV; Rehabilitation and MS-Centre Overpelt, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3900, Belgium., Simu M; Clinic of Neurology II, Emergency Clinical County Hospital 'Pius Brinzeu', Timisoara 300723, Romania.; Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania., Castillo-Triviño T; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain., Sanchez-Menoyo JL; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao 48660, Spain., Khurana D; Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India., Al-Asmi A; Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khodh 123, Oman., Al-Harbi T; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia., Deri N; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina., Fragoso Y; Department of Neurology, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, Brazil., Lalive PH; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland., Sinnige LGF; Department of Neurology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden 8934 AD, The Netherlands., Shaw C; Neuroscience Department, Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong 3220, Australia., Shuey N; Department of Neurology, St Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia., Csepany T; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary., Sempere AP; Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante 3010, Spain., Moore F; Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada., Decoo D; Department of Neurology & Neuro-Rehabilitation, AZ Alma Ziekenhuis, Sijsele-Damme 8340, Belgium., Willekens B; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2650, Belgium., Gobbi C; Ospedale Civico Lugano, Lugano 6900, Switzerland., Massey J; St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia., Hardy T; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia., Parratt J; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia., Kalincik T; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.
Source: Brain : a journal of neurology [Brain] 2023 Nov 02; Vol. 146 (11), pp. 4633-4644.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372537 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-2156 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00068950 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Items – Name: Title
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  Data: The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sharmin+S%22">Sharmin S</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Roos+I%22">Roos I</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simpson-Yap+S%22">Simpson-Yap S</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malpas+C%22">Malpas C</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sánchez+MM%22">Sánchez MM</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozakbas+S%22">Ozakbas S</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Konak/Izmir 35220, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Horakova+D%22">Horakova D</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Havrdova+EK%22">Havrdova EK</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patti+F%22">Patti F</searchLink>; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania 95123, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alroughani+R%22">Alroughani R</searchLink>; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq 73767, Kuwait.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Izquierdo+G%22">Izquierdo G</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eichau+S%22">Eichau S</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boz+C%22">Boz C</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital, Trabzon 61080, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zakaria+M%22">Zakaria M</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Onofrj+M%22">Onofrj M</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lugaresi+A%22">Lugaresi A</searchLink>; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weinstock-Guttman+B%22">Weinstock-Guttman B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo 14202, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prat+A%22">Prat A</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Girard+M%22">Girard M</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Duquette+P%22">Duquette P</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Terzi+M%22">Terzi M</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, 19 Mayis University, Samsun 55160, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Amato+MP%22">Amato MP</searchLink>; Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karabudak+R%22">Karabudak R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 6100, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grand'Maison+F%22">Grand'Maison F</searchLink>; Neuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec J4V 2J2, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khoury+SJ%22">Khoury SJ</searchLink>; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grammond+P%22">Grammond P</searchLink>; Médecine spécialisée, CISSS Chaudière-Appalaches, Levis G6X 0A1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lechner-Scott+J%22">Lechner-Scott J</searchLink>; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2305, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buzzard+K%22">Buzzard K</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne 3128, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skibina+O%22">Skibina O</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne 3128, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Walt+A%22">van der Walt A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butzkueven+H%22">Butzkueven H</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Turkoglu+R%22">Turkoglu R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Altintas+A%22">Altintas A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul 34450, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maimone+D%22">Maimone D</searchLink>; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania 95124, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kermode+A%22">Kermode A</searchLink>; Perron Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shalaby+N%22">Shalaby N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Kasr Al Ainy MS Research Unit (KAMSU), Cairo 11562, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pesch+VV%22">Pesch VV</searchLink>; Service de Neurologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200 BXL, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butler+E%22">Butler E</searchLink>; Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sidhom+Y%22">Sidhom Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gouider+R%22">Gouider R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.; Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mrabet+S%22">Mrabet S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia.; Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerlach+O%22">Gerlach O</searchLink>; Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen 5500, The Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6131 BK, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soysal+A%22">Soysal A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul 34147, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barnett+M%22">Barnett M</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney 2050, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kuhle+J%22">Kuhle J</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hughes+S%22">Hughes S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sa+MJ%22">Sa MJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hodgkinson+S%22">Hodgkinson S</searchLink>; Immune tolerance laboratory Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oreja-Guevara+C%22">Oreja-Guevara C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid 28050, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ampapa+R%22">Ampapa R</searchLink>; MS centrum, Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava 58633, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petersen+T%22">Petersen T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C 8000, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramo-Tello+C%22">Ramo-Tello C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 8916, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spitaleri+D%22">Spitaleri D</searchLink>; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino 83100, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCombe+P%22">McCombe P</searchLink>; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taylor+B%22">Taylor B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart 7000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prevost+J%22">Prevost J</searchLink>; Département de neurologie, CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome J7Z 5T3, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Foschi+M%22">Foschi M</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna 48121, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Slee+M%22">Slee M</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McGuigan+C%22">McGuigan C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 T6F4, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laureys+G%22">Laureys G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hijfte+LV%22">Hijfte LV</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Gans+K%22">de Gans K</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda 2800 BB, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Solaro+C%22">Solaro C</searchLink>; Department of Rehabilitation, CRRF 'Mons. Luigi Novarese', Moncrivello (VC) 16153, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oh+J%22">Oh J</searchLink>; Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B1W8, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Macdonell+R%22">Macdonell R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aguera-Morales+E%22">Aguera-Morales E</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba 14004, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Singhal+B%22">Singhal B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai 400020, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gray+O%22">Gray O</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast BT16, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garber+J%22">Garber J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wijmeersch+BV%22">Wijmeersch BV</searchLink>; Rehabilitation and MS-Centre Overpelt, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3900, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simu+M%22">Simu M</searchLink>; Clinic of Neurology II, Emergency Clinical County Hospital 'Pius Brinzeu', Timisoara 300723, Romania.; Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castillo-Triviño+T%22">Castillo-Triviño T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Menoyo+JL%22">Sanchez-Menoyo JL</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao 48660, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khurana+D%22">Khurana D</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Asmi+A%22">Al-Asmi A</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khodh 123, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Harbi+T%22">Al-Harbi T</searchLink>; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deri+N%22">Deri N</searchLink>; Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fragoso+Y%22">Fragoso Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lalive+PH%22">Lalive PH</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sinnige+LGF%22">Sinnige LGF</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden 8934 AD, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shaw+C%22">Shaw C</searchLink>; Neuroscience Department, Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong 3220, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shuey+N%22">Shuey N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, St Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Csepany+T%22">Csepany T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sempere+AP%22">Sempere AP</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante 3010, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moore+F%22">Moore F</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Decoo+D%22">Decoo D</searchLink>; Department of Neurology & Neuro-Rehabilitation, AZ Alma Ziekenhuis, Sijsele-Damme 8340, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willekens+B%22">Willekens B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2650, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gobbi+C%22">Gobbi C</searchLink>; Ospedale Civico Lugano, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Massey+J%22">Massey J</searchLink>; St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hardy+T%22">Hardy T</searchLink>; Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Parratt+J%22">Parratt J</searchLink>; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalincik+T%22">Kalincik T</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220372537%22">Brain : a journal of neurology</searchLink> [Brain] 2023 Nov 02; Vol. 146 (11), pp. 4633-4644.
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  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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  Label: Journal Info
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>0372537 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1460-2156 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200068950%22">00068950 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Brain <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=mdl&AN=37369086
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        Value: 10.1093/brain/awad218
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 4633
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      – TitleFull: The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.
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              M: 11
              Text: 2023 Nov 02
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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              Value: 146
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              Value: 11
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            – TitleFull: Brain : a journal of neurology
              Type: main
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