A Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

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Title: A Randomized Trial of Drug Route in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Authors: Couper K; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Ji C; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Deakin CD; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Fothergill RT; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Nolan JP; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Long JB; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Mason JM; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Michelet F; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Norman C; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Nwankwo H; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Quinn T; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Slowther AM; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Smyth MA; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Starr KR; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Walker A; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Wood S; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Bell S; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Bradley G; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Brown M; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Brown S; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Burrow E; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Charlton K; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Claxton Dip A; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Dra'gon V; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Evans C; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Falloon J; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Foster T; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Kearney J; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Lang N; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Limmer M; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Mellett-Smith A; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Miller J; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Mills C; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Osborne R; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Rees N; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Spaight RES; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Squires GL; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Tibbetts B; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Waddington M; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Whitley GA; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Wiles JV; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Williams J; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Wiltshire S; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Wright A; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Lall R; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom., Perkins GD; From the Warwick Medical School, Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick (K.C., C.J., J.P.N., J.B.L., J.M.M., F.M., C.N., H.N., A.-M.S., M.A.S., K.R.S., S.W., R.L., G.D.P.), and the Critical Care Unit, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust (M.A.S.), Coventry, Devon Air Ambulance (N.L., B.T.) and South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust (R.O., S.W.), Exeter, East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Nottingham (R.E.S.S., G.L.S., G.A.W.), East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Cambridge (S.B., T.F.), Kingston University (T.Q.) and London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (R.T.F., J.K., J.F., A.M.-S.), London, North East Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne (K.C., E.B., M.L.), North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton (S.B., A. Wright, M.W.), South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester (C.D.D., M.B., A.C., V.D.), South East Coast Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Crawley (G.B., J.W.), Welsh Ambulance Services University NHS Trust, Cwmbran (C.M., N.R.), West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierley Hill (A. Walker, C.E., J.M., J.V.W.), the Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham (G.D.P., K.C.), the Emergency Department, Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate (A. Walker), the Department of Anaesthesia, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath (J.P.N.), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton (C.D.D.), and the University of Bristol, Bristol (J.P.N.) - all in the United Kingdom.
Corporate Authors: PARAMEDIC-3 Collaborators
Source: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2025 Jan 23; Vol. 392 (4), pp. 336-348. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 31.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study; Comparative Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1533-4406
DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2407780