Current access, availability and use of antibiotics in primary care among key low- and middle-income countries and the policy implications.
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| Title: | Current access, availability and use of antibiotics in primary care among key low- and middle-income countries and the policy implications. |
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| Authors: | Saleem Z; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan., Mekonnen BA; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Orubu ES; Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.; Institute for Health System Innovation & Policy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Islam MA; Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Nguyen TTP; Pharmaceutical Administration PharmacoEconomics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam., Ubaka CM; Public Health Supply Chain and Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka Campus, Nsukka, Nigeria., Buma D; Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania., Thuy NDT; Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Vietnam., Sant Y; Department of Pharmacology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Ahmedabad, India., Sono TM; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.; Saselamani Pharmacy, Saselamani, South Africa., Bochenek T; Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland., Kalungia AC; Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia., Abdullah S; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan., Miljković N; Hospital Pharmacy, Institute of Orthopaedics Banjica, Belgrade, Serbia., Yeika E; Programs coordinator/Technical Supervisor for HIV/Malaria, Delegation of Public Health, North West Region, Cameroon., Niba LL; Department of Public Health, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.; Effective Basic Services Africa, Bamenda, Africa., Akafity G; Research Unit, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana., Sefah IA; Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta Region, Ghana., Opanga SA; Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi., Kitutu FE; Sustainable Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Unit, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.; Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda., Khuluza F; Pharmacy Department, Formerly College of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi., Zaranyika T; Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe., Parajuli A; HERD International, Lalitpur, Nepal.; Public Health Research Society, Kathmandu, Nepal., Darweesh O; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq., Islam S; Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Kumar S; Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India., Nabayiga H; Management Science Department, Strathclyde Business School, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK., Jairoun AA; Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Chigome A; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa., Ogunleye O; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Nigeria.; Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria., Fadare J; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University, Ado, Nigeria.; Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado, Nigeria., Massele A; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Kairuki University, Tanzania., Cook A; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK.; Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Jelić AG; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia & Herzegovina., Godói IPD; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Health Technology Assessment Center - Management, Economics, Health Education and Pharmaceutical Services, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Phillip A; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine Kairuki University, Tanzania., Meyer JC; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.; South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa., Funiciello E; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK., Lorenzetti G; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK., Kurdi A; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK., Haseeb A; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Al Rayan National College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia., Moore CE; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK., Campbell SM; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK., Godman B; Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Garankuwa, South Africa.; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK.; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates., Sharland M; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK. |
| Source: | Expert review of anti-infective therapy [Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther] 2026 Jun; Vol. 24 (6), pp. 545-586. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 15. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101181284 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-8336 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14787210 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
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| ISSN: | 1744-8336 |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/14787210.2025.2477198 |
