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Standardized Definition of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

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Title: Standardized Definition of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
Authors: Müller J; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Sharmin S; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Lorscheider J; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Ozakbas S; Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Konak/Izmir, Turkey.; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey., Karabudak R; Neurological Sciences - Department of Neurology Neuroimmunology Unit, Yeditepe Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey., Horakova D; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic., Weinstock-Guttman B; Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research, Buffalo, New York., Shaygannejad V; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Etemadifar M; Neurology, Dr Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran., Alroughani R; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait., Patti F; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy.; UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco,' Catania, Italy., Eichau S; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain., Prat A; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Lugaresi A; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Tomassini V; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy., Kermode AG; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia., Amato MP; Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy., Turkoglu R; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Altintas A; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey., Buzzard K; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Soysal A; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey., van der Walt A; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Butzkueven H; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Blanco Y; Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Gerlach O; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands., Khoury SJ; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon., Barnett M; Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., John N; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia., Lechner-Scott J; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia., Foschi M; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy., Surcinelli A; AUSL Romagna, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy., van Pesch V; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium., Prevost J; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada., Sa MJ; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal., Maimone D; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy., D'hooghe M; Department of Neurology, Nationaal MS Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium., Hughes S; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom., Hodgkinson S; Immune Tolerance Laboratory Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., McGuigan C; St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Cartechini E; Neurology Unit, P O Unico Macerata, ast Macerata, Macerata, Italy., Taylor B; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia., Spitaleri D; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy., Slee M; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., McCombe P; Department of Neurology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Yamout B; Neurology Institute, Harley Street Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Benkert P; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Kuhle J; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Kappos L; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Roos I; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Kalincik T; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Havrdova EK; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic., Girard M; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Duquette P; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada., Fabis-Pedrini M; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia., Carroll WM; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia., Skibina O; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Gouider R; Department of Neurology, LR 18SP03, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia., Mrabet S; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain., Ramo-Tello C; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain., Solaro C; Department of Neurology, ASL3 Genovese, Genova, Italy., Habek M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia., Van Wijmeersch B; University MS Centre, Hasselt-Pelt, Noorderhart, Rehabilitation & MS, Pelt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium., Ampapa R; Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic., Macdonell R; Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Oreja-Guevara C; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain., de Gans K; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, the Netherlands., Laureys G; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium., Oh J; St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Garber J; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Gray O; South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom., Agüera-Morales E; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain., Sanchez-Menoyo JL; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain., Castillo-Triviño T; Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain., Grigoriadis N; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece., Petersen T; Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C, Aarhus, Denmark., Hardy TA; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Vucic S; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Reddel S; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Ramanathan S; Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Al-Asmi A; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman., Simu M; Department of Neurology, Timisoara, Romania., Baghbanian SM; Department of Neurology, Booalisina Hospital, Sari, Iran., Poehlau D; Multiple Sclerosis Centre Kamillus-Klinik, Asbach, Germany., Al-Harbi T; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Khobar, Saudi Arabia., Rojas JI; Hospital Universitario de CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Deri N; Department of Neurology, Hospital Fernandez, Capital Federal, Argentina., Lalive P; Unit of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland., Cambron M; Neurology, Az Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges, Belgium., Csepany T; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary., Shuey N; St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Willekens B; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Shaw C; Department of Neuroscience, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia., Decoo D; AZ Alma Ziekenhuis, Sijsele, Damme, Belgium., Massey J; St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Yaldizli Ö; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Derfuss T; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Granziera C; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Corporate Authors: MSBase Study Group
Source: JAMA neurology [JAMA Neurol] 2025 Jun 01; Vol. 82 (6), pp. 614-625.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101589536 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2168-6157 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21686149 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Standardized Definition of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Müller+J%22">Müller J</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sharmin+S%22">Sharmin S</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lorscheider+J%22">Lorscheider J</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozakbas+S%22">Ozakbas S</searchLink>; Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Konak/Izmir, Turkey.; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karabudak+R%22">Karabudak R</searchLink>; Neurological Sciences - Department of Neurology Neuroimmunology Unit, Yeditepe Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University Hospitals, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Horakova+D%22">Horakova D</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weinstock-Guttman+B%22">Weinstock-Guttman B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research, Buffalo, New York.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shaygannejad+V%22">Shaygannejad V</searchLink>; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Etemadifar+M%22">Etemadifar M</searchLink>; Neurology, Dr Etemadifar MS Institute, Isfahan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alroughani+R%22">Alroughani R</searchLink>; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patti+F%22">Patti F</searchLink>; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania, Italy.; UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco,' Catania, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eichau+S%22">Eichau S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prat+A%22">Prat A</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lugaresi+A%22">Lugaresi A</searchLink>; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tomassini+V%22">Tomassini V</searchLink>; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kermode+AG%22">Kermode AG</searchLink>; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Amato+MP%22">Amato MP</searchLink>; Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Turkoglu+R%22">Turkoglu R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Altintas+A%22">Altintas A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buzzard+K%22">Buzzard K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soysal+A%22">Soysal A</searchLink>; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Walt+A%22">van der Walt A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butzkueven+H%22">Butzkueven H</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blanco+Y%22">Blanco Y</searchLink>; Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerlach+O%22">Gerlach O</searchLink>; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khoury+SJ%22">Khoury SJ</searchLink>; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barnett+M%22">Barnett M</searchLink>; Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22John+N%22">John N</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lechner-Scott+J%22">Lechner-Scott J</searchLink>; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Foschi+M%22">Foschi M</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Surcinelli+A%22">Surcinelli A</searchLink>; AUSL Romagna, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+Pesch+V%22">van Pesch V</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prevost+J%22">Prevost J</searchLink>; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sa+MJ%22">Sa MJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maimone+D%22">Maimone D</searchLink>; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22D'hooghe+M%22">D'hooghe M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Nationaal MS Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hughes+S%22">Hughes S</searchLink>; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hodgkinson+S%22">Hodgkinson S</searchLink>; Immune Tolerance Laboratory Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McGuigan+C%22">McGuigan C</searchLink>; St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cartechini+E%22">Cartechini E</searchLink>; Neurology Unit, P O Unico Macerata, ast Macerata, Macerata, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taylor+B%22">Taylor B</searchLink>; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spitaleri+D%22">Spitaleri D</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Slee+M%22">Slee M</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCombe+P%22">McCombe P</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yamout+B%22">Yamout B</searchLink>; Neurology Institute, Harley Street Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benkert+P%22">Benkert P</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kuhle+J%22">Kuhle J</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kappos+L%22">Kappos L</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Roos+I%22">Roos I</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalincik+T%22">Kalincik T</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Havrdova+EK%22">Havrdova EK</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Girard+M%22">Girard M</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Duquette+P%22">Duquette P</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fabis-Pedrini+M%22">Fabis-Pedrini M</searchLink>; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carroll+WM%22">Carroll WM</searchLink>; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skibina+O%22">Skibina O</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gouider+R%22">Gouider R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, LR 18SP03, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mrabet+S%22">Mrabet S</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramo-Tello+C%22">Ramo-Tello C</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Solaro+C%22">Solaro C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, ASL3 Genovese, Genova, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Habek+M%22">Habek M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+Wijmeersch+B%22">Van Wijmeersch B</searchLink>; University MS Centre, Hasselt-Pelt, Noorderhart, Rehabilitation & MS, Pelt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ampapa+R%22">Ampapa R</searchLink>; Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Macdonell+R%22">Macdonell R</searchLink>; Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oreja-Guevara+C%22">Oreja-Guevara C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Gans+K%22">de Gans K</searchLink>; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laureys+G%22">Laureys G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oh+J%22">Oh J</searchLink>; St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garber+J%22">Garber J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gray+O%22">Gray O</searchLink>; South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Agüera-Morales+E%22">Agüera-Morales E</searchLink>; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Menoyo+JL%22">Sanchez-Menoyo JL</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castillo-Triviño+T%22">Castillo-Triviño T</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grigoriadis+N%22">Grigoriadis N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petersen+T%22">Petersen T</searchLink>; Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hardy+TA%22">Hardy TA</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vucic+S%22">Vucic S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reddel+S%22">Reddel S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramanathan+S%22">Ramanathan S</searchLink>; Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Asmi+A%22">Al-Asmi A</searchLink>; College of Medicine & Health Sciences and Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simu+M%22">Simu M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Timisoara, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baghbanian+SM%22">Baghbanian SM</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Booalisina Hospital, Sari, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Poehlau+D%22">Poehlau D</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Centre Kamillus-Klinik, Asbach, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Harbi+T%22">Al-Harbi T</searchLink>; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rojas+JI%22">Rojas JI</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario de CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deri+N%22">Deri N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Fernandez, Capital Federal, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lalive+P%22">Lalive P</searchLink>; Unit of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cambron+M%22">Cambron M</searchLink>; Neurology, Az Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Csepany+T%22">Csepany T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shuey+N%22">Shuey N</searchLink>; St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willekens+B%22">Willekens B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shaw+C%22">Shaw C</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Decoo+D%22">Decoo D</searchLink>; AZ Alma Ziekenhuis, Sijsele, Damme, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Massey+J%22">Massey J</searchLink>; St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yaldizli+Ö%22">Yaldizli Ö</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Derfuss+T%22">Derfuss T</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Granziera+C%22">Granziera C</searchLink>; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101589536%22">JAMA neurology</searchLink> [JAMA Neurol] 2025 Jun 01; Vol. 82 (6), pp. 614-625.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22American+Medical+Association%22">American Medical Association </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>101589536 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2168-6157 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2221686149%22">21686149 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>JAMA Neurol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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