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The protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcutaneous auricular neurostimulation for chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms during a 4-day opioid taper for adults in the United States.

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Title: The protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcutaneous auricular neurostimulation for chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms during a 4-day opioid taper for adults in the United States.
Authors: Pierson CJ; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA. cjpierso@utmb.edu., Khodaparast N; Spark Biomedical, Dallas, USA., McWade MA; Spark Biomedical, Dallas, USA., Kuo YF; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA., Houghton DC; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA., Rodriguez SL; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA., Korschgen VL; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA., Cunningham KA; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA., Wilkes DM; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
Source: Trials [Trials] 2025 Oct 16; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 421. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 16.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Clinical Trial Protocol
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101263253 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1745-6215 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17456215 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Trials Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: The protocol for a randomized, sham-controlled trial of transcutaneous auricular neurostimulation for chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms during a 4-day opioid taper for adults in the United States.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pierson+CJ%22">Pierson CJ</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA. cjpierso@utmb.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khodaparast+N%22">Khodaparast N</searchLink>; Spark Biomedical, Dallas, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McWade+MA%22">McWade MA</searchLink>; Spark Biomedical, Dallas, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kuo+YF%22">Kuo YF</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Houghton+DC%22">Houghton DC</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rodriguez+SL%22">Rodriguez SL</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Korschgen+VL%22">Korschgen VL</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cunningham+KA%22">Cunningham KA</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wilkes+DM%22">Wilkes DM</searchLink>; University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101263253%22">Trials</searchLink> [Trials] 2025 Oct 16; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 421. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Oct 16.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101263253 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1745-6215 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2217456215%22">17456215 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Trials <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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        Value: 10.1186/s13063-025-09171-4
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              Text: 2025 Oct 16
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