Intratumoral bacteria are immunosuppressive and promote immunotherapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Title: Intratumoral bacteria are immunosuppressive and promote immunotherapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Silver NL; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. silvern@ccf.org.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. silvern@ccf.org., Dai J; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Kerr TD; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA., Altemus J; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Garg R; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Simmons H; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Alban T; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Noel-Romas L; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA., Makarov V; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Shih DJH; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China., Kumar SV; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Santos A; Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA., Akbani R; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Burgener A; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.; Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Dwidar M; Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA., Gross N; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Sikora AG; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., Sayour EJ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Stacy A; Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA., Jobin C; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Chan TA; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Ferrarotto R; Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. rferrarotto@mdanderson.org., McGrail DJ; Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. mcgraid@ccf.org.
Source: Nature cancer [Nat Cancer] 2026 Jan; Vol. 7 (1), pp. 80-97. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 02.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101761119 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2662-1347 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26621347 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Cancer Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:2662-1347
DOI:10.1038/s43018-025-01067-1