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Understanding different types of repeatability and intra-class correlation for an analysis of biological variation.

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Title: Understanding different types of repeatability and intra-class correlation for an analysis of biological variation.
Authors: Nakagawa S; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Westneat DF; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0225, USA., Mizuno A; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada., Araya-Ajoy YG; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), TrondheimN-7491, Norway., Class B; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; DipSO - Direction pour la Science Ouverte, INRAE, Paris, France., Dingemanse NJ; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany., Dochtermann NA; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND58104, USA., Lagisz M; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Laskowski KL; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA95616, USA., Pick JL; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Réale D; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C3P8, Canada., Williams C; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Wright J; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), TrondheimN-7491, Norway., Schielzeth H; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Source: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface [J R Soc Interface] 2026 Jan 28; Vol. 23 (234).
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Royal Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101217269 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1742-5662 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17425662 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J R Soc Interface Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakagawa+S%22">Nakagawa S</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Westneat+DF%22">Westneat DF</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY40506-0225, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mizuno+A%22">Mizuno A</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Araya-Ajoy+YG%22">Araya-Ajoy YG</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), TrondheimN-7491, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Class+B%22">Class B</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; DipSO - Direction pour la Science Ouverte, INRAE, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dingemanse+NJ%22">Dingemanse NJ</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dochtermann+NA%22">Dochtermann NA</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND58104, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lagisz+M%22">Lagisz M</searchLink>; Collaboration for Open Science and Synthesis in Ecology and Evolution (COSSEE), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaAB T6G 2E9, Canada.; Ecology & Evolution Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laskowski+KL%22">Laskowski KL</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA95616, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pick+JL%22">Pick JL</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Réale+D%22">Réale D</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QuébecH3C3P8, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Williams+C%22">Williams C</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wright+J%22">Wright J</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), TrondheimN-7491, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schielzeth+H%22">Schielzeth H</searchLink>; The Statistical Quantification of Individual Differences (SQuID) Working Group.; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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