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Increasing the environmental sustainability of operating rooms in Canada: an evidence-informed guideline for policy.

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Title: Increasing the environmental sustainability of operating rooms in Canada: an evidence-informed guideline for policy.
Authors: Goldman J; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Pearsall EA; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Liu K; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., De Castro C; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Le N; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Abbass SA; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Philip R; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Donahoe LL; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Khalid Y; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Nadler A; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Vincent AD; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Van Der Vyver M; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Moloo H; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., McKellar S; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Devon K; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Miller FA; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Ward SE; Department of Surgery (Goldman, Pearsall, Liu, Donahoe, Nadler, Vincent, McKellar, Devon, Ward), University of Toronto; St. Michael's Hospital (Goldman, Liu, Ward); Mount Sinai Hospital (Pearsall, De Castro, Philip); North York General Hospital (Le); Department of Anesthesia (Le, Abbass, Van Der Vyver), University of Toronto; St. Joseph's Health Centre (Abbass); Collaborative Centre for Climate, Health and Sustainable Care (Abbass, Miller, Ward), University of Toronto; Patient partner (Khalid); Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Nadler, Van Der Vyver), Toronto, Ont.; Faculty of Medicine (Moloo), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Women's College Hospital (Devon); Institute of Health, Policy, Management and Evaluation (Miller, Ward), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Sarah.Ward@unityhealth.to.
Source: CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne [CMAJ] 2026 Feb 08; Vol. 198 (5), pp. E159-E170. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 08.
Publication Type: Guideline; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Info: Publisher: Canadian Medical Association Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9711805 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1488-2329 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08203946 NLM ISO Abbreviation: CMAJ Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Description
ISSN:1488-2329
DOI:10.1503/cmaj.251192