Clinical protocol for the K-3 trial: a single-center, patient-blinded, randomized clinical trial addressing anesthesiologic, oncological and patient recovery outcomes of standard flank approach vs supine approach for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

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Title: Clinical protocol for the K-3 trial: a single-center, patient-blinded, randomized clinical trial addressing anesthesiologic, oncological and patient recovery outcomes of standard flank approach vs supine approach for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.
Authors: Tappero S; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.m.tappero@gmail.com., Giudici S; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Mazzone E; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Caviglia A; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Cellini V; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Natoli R; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Pettenuzzo D; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Mulazzani F; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Gianni S; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Antonucci E; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Colombo J; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Torrano V; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Nizzardo M; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Quistini A; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Colombo M; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Barbieri M; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Napoli G; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Buratto C; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Palagonia E; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Olivero A; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Secco S; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Petralia G; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Strada E; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Di Trapani D; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Monti G; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Bocciardi AM; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Galfano A; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy., Dell'Oglio P; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
Source: Surgical oncology [Surg Oncol] 2026 Apr; Vol. 65, pp. 102370. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 13.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Clinical Trial Protocol
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9208188 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-3320 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09607404 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Surg Oncol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Clinical protocol for the K-3 trial: a single-center, patient-blinded, randomized clinical trial addressing anesthesiologic, oncological and patient recovery outcomes of standard flank approach vs supine approach for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tappero+S%22">Tappero S</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: stefano.m.tappero@gmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Giudici+S%22">Giudici S</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mazzone+E%22">Mazzone E</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Caviglia+A%22">Caviglia A</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cellini+V%22">Cellini V</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Natoli+R%22">Natoli R</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pettenuzzo+D%22">Pettenuzzo D</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mulazzani+F%22">Mulazzani F</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gianni+S%22">Gianni S</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Antonucci+E%22">Antonucci E</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Colombo+J%22">Colombo J</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Torrano+V%22">Torrano V</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nizzardo+M%22">Nizzardo M</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Quistini+A%22">Quistini A</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Colombo+M%22">Colombo M</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barbieri+M%22">Barbieri M</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Napoli+G%22">Napoli G</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buratto+C%22">Buratto C</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Palagonia+E%22">Palagonia E</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Olivero+A%22">Olivero A</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Secco+S%22">Secco S</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petralia+G%22">Petralia G</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Strada+E%22">Strada E</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Di+Trapani+D%22">Di Trapani D</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Monti+G%22">Monti G</searchLink>; Department of Transplant Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bocciardi+AM%22">Bocciardi AM</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Galfano+A%22">Galfano A</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dell'Oglio+P%22">Dell'Oglio P</searchLink>; Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229208188%22">Surgical oncology</searchLink> [Surg Oncol] 2026 Apr; Vol. 65, pp. 102370. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 13.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Science%22">Elsevier Science </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>9208188 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1879-3320 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209607404%22">09607404 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Surg Oncol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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