Systematic review of terminology, definitions, and eligibility criteria in trials of neonatal encephalopathy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and perinatal asphyxia.

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Title: Systematic review of terminology, definitions, and eligibility criteria in trials of neonatal encephalopathy, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and perinatal asphyxia.
Authors: Hurley T; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland., Quirke F; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.; Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland., Branagan A; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., McCarthy R; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland., Finucane E; Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland., King G; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Taneri PE; Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland., El-Dib M; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Bloomfield FH; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Maeso B; James Lind Alliance, School of Healthcare Enterprise and Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK., Pilon B; Hope for HIE, West Bloomfield, MI, USA., Bonifacio S; Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA., Wusthoff CJ; Department of Neurology, University of California- Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA., Chalak L; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA., Bearer CF; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA., Murray DM; INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., Badawi N; Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia., Campbell SK; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Mulkey SB; Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, VA, USA.; Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, VA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, VA, USA., Gressens P; Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France., Ferriero DM; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA., Vries LS; Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Walker K; Department of Newborn Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Kay S; PEEPS-HIE, Manchester, UK., Boylan GB; INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland., Gale C; Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, UK., Robertson NJ; Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., D'Alton M; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Nesterenko TH; Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA., Mietzsch U; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA., Gunn AJ; Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand., Nelson KB; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA., Devane D; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.; Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland., Molloy EJ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin and Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.
Corporate Authors: Steering Group for DEFiNE (Definition of Neonatal Encephalopathy)
Source: Pediatric research [Pediatr Res] 2026 Feb 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0100714 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0447 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00313998 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hurley+T%22">Hurley T</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Quirke+F%22">Quirke F</searchLink>; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.; Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Branagan+A%22">Branagan A</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCarthy+R%22">McCarthy R</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Finucane+E%22">Finucane E</searchLink>; Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22King+G%22">King G</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland.; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taneri+PE%22">Taneri PE</searchLink>; Health Research Board - Trials Methodology Research Network (HRB-TMRN), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Evidence Synthesis Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22El-Dib+M%22">El-Dib M</searchLink>; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bloomfield+FH%22">Bloomfield FH</searchLink>; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maeso+B%22">Maeso B</searchLink>; James Lind Alliance, School of Healthcare Enterprise and Innovation, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pilon+B%22">Pilon B</searchLink>; Hope for HIE, West Bloomfield, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bonifacio+S%22">Bonifacio S</searchLink>; Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wusthoff+CJ%22">Wusthoff CJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University of California- Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chalak+L%22">Chalak L</searchLink>; Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bearer+CF%22">Bearer CF</searchLink>; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Murray+DM%22">Murray DM</searchLink>; INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Badawi+N%22">Badawi N</searchLink>; Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Campbell+SK%22">Campbell SK</searchLink>; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mulkey+SB%22">Mulkey SB</searchLink>; Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, VA, USA.; Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, VA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, VA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gressens+P%22">Gressens P</searchLink>; Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ferriero+DM%22">Ferriero DM</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vries+LS%22">Vries LS</searchLink>; Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Walker+K%22">Walker K</searchLink>; Department of Newborn Care, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kay+S%22">Kay S</searchLink>; PEEPS-HIE, Manchester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boylan+GB%22">Boylan GB</searchLink>; INFANT Research Centre, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gale+C%22">Gale C</searchLink>; Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Robertson+NJ%22">Robertson NJ</searchLink>; Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22D'Alton+M%22">D'Alton M</searchLink>; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nesterenko+TH%22">Nesterenko TH</searchLink>; Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mietzsch+U%22">Mietzsch U</searchLink>; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gunn+AJ%22">Gunn AJ</searchLink>; 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Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Centre, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Department of Paediatrics, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.; Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin and Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. Eleanor.molloy@tcd.ie.
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