Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.

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Title: Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.
Authors: Lai L; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Ran S; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Li Y; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Cui J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China., Zhang X; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Yu J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China., Zou Y; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Zhou C; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Xia J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn., Wu J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.
Source: Signal transduction and targeted therapy [Signal Transduct Target Ther] 2026 Mar 09; Vol. 11 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101676423 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2059-3635 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20593635 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Signal Transduct Target Ther Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:2059-3635
DOI:10.1038/s41392-025-02533-z