Beyond the scalpel: redefining surgical training for tomorrow: Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education, Oct. 16-17, 2025 Winnipeg, Manitoba.

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Title: Beyond the scalpel: redefining surgical training for tomorrow: Canadian Conference for the Advancement of Surgical Education, Oct. 16-17, 2025 Winnipeg, Manitoba.
Authors: Otaner F; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Ahmed A; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Patel Z; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Niazi F; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Arfaie S; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Kumar A; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Otaner, Arfaie); Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont. (Ahmed, Arfaie); Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Patel); Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Niazi); Department of Clinical Neurosciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont. (Arfaie); Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kumar)., Banyi N; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Valenzuela, Hu); Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Graham)., Valenzuela D; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Valenzuela, Hu); Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Graham)., Graham ME; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Valenzuela, Hu); Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Graham)., Hu AC; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Valenzuela, Hu); Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. (Graham)., Majeed M; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Qureshi AR; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Malhotra AK; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Halabian N; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Bhatt V; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Anifowose A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Alam A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Nguyen DD; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Yibrehu B; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Ayoo K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Bondzi-Simpson A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Brar S; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Majeed, Qureshi, Malhotra, Halabian, Bhatt, Alam, Nguyen, Yibrehu, Ayoo, Bondzi-Simpson, Brar); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Anifowose)., Bondzi-Simpson A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Yibrehu B; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Magaji V; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Brown K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Malhotra AK; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Nguyen DD; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Ayoo K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Kidane B; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Jayaraman S; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Zobolotny B; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Cleary SP; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Brar S; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bondzi-Simpson, Yibrehu, Jayaraman, Cleary, Brar); Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Malhotra, Nguyen, Ayoo); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Magaji, Brown, Kidane); Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Zobolotny)., Chen B; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Chen, Delisle, Forcillo)., Delisle É; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Chen, Delisle, Forcillo)., Forcillo J; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Chen, Delisle, Forcillo)., Leroux F; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Girolamo-Cousineau F; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Osman Y; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Meloche-Dumas L; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Habti M; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Bénard F; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Lavoie P; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Dubrowski A; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Younan R; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Boulva K; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Kaviani A; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Patocskai É; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Leroux, Girolamo-Cousineau, Osman, Meloche-Dumas, Habti, Lavoie, Younan, Boulva, Kaviani, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bénard)., Rahman F; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Khurana S; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Kaushik S; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Darwish Y; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Bayrouti A; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Forrester E; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Ali F; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Olson K; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Zuberi R; From Undergraduate Medical Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Rahman, Khurana, Kaushik, Darwish, Bayrouti, Forrester, Ali, Olson, Zuberi)., Oleynik Z; From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Oleynik, Zhao, Sauder)., Zhao M; From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Oleynik, Zhao, Sauder)., Sauder D; From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Oleynik, Zhao, Sauder)., Al Kaabi N; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Al Kaabi, Qureshi); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Behzadi)., Qureshi A; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Al Kaabi, Qureshi); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Behzadi)., Behzadi A; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Al Kaabi, Qureshi); Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont. (Behzadi)., Ahmad A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Qureshi A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Ly K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Hwang K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Kohly R; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Nguyen M; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Ahmad, Qureshi, Hwang, Kohly, Nguyen); University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Ly)., Starvaggi C; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Bouchard M; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Keitel MK; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Ziebarth K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Carsen S; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Mortimer A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Katchky R; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Cooper A; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., El-Hawary R; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Archer LA; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Saran N; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Stimec J; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Pusic M; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Boutis K; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Bouchard, Camp, Stimec, Boutis); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Carsen); University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Mortimer); Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, Ont. (Katchky); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Cooper); University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Archer); McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Saran); Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Pusic, El-Hawary); Bern University, Bern, Switzerland (Starvaggi, Keitel, Ziebarth)., Lee J; From the Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lee, Gallant, Vergis, Hardy, He)., Gallant K; From the Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lee, Gallant, Vergis, Hardy, He)., Vergis A; From the Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lee, Gallant, Vergis, Hardy, He)., Hardy K; From the Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lee, Gallant, Vergis, Hardy, He)., He W; From the Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lee, Gallant, Vergis, Hardy, He)., Qureshi AR; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Rahat Qureshi, Alsarhani, Kaplan); Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplan)., Alsarhani WKS; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Rahat Qureshi, Alsarhani, Kaplan); Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplan)., Kaplan AJ; From the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Rahat Qureshi, Alsarhani, Kaplan); Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Kaplan)., Banyi N; From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Abdalkhani)., Abdalkhani A; From the Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Banyi, Abdalkhani)., Wu Y; From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Wu, Zheng)., Zheng B; From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Wu, Zheng)., Wu Y; From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Wu, Zheng)., Zheng B; From the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Wu, Zheng)., Dai HYL; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Brazeau-Porrello P; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Habti M; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Abdullah A; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Efanov J; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Alam P; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Song L; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Dubrowski A; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Patocskai E; From the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Dai, Brazeau-Porrello, Habti, Patocskai); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Abdullah, Efanov, Alam, Song, Patocskai); Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Dubrowski)., Guleria A; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Thabane A; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Alsefaou M; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Staibano P; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., McKechnie T; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Chou A; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Calic G; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Bhandari M; From the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Guleria, Chou); Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Thabane, Bhandari); Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ont. (Alsefaou); Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Staibano, McKechnie, Bhandari); Michael G. DeGroote School of Business, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Calic)., Li Y; From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Y. Li, X. Li); Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Zheng)., Li X; From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Y. Li, X. Li); Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Zheng)., Zheng B; From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Y. Li, X. Li); Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Zheng)., Forrester E; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Paget); Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester)., Paget M; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Paget); Department of General Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester)., Bergeron A; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Xu HH; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Tessier L; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Lacroix P; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Jacques S; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Bouchard M; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Tzomko T; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Tessier J; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Sideris L; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Gagnon-Konamna M; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Egerszegi P; From the Faculté de médecine, Département de chirurgie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron, Tessier, Sideris, Gagnon-Konamna, Egerszegi); Faculty of Medecine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Hao Xu); Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Lacroix, Jacques, Egerszegi); Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Bouchard, Tzomko); Unité de formation chirurgicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Tessier); Chirurgie générale et oncologique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estde-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. (Sideris); Service de chirurgie digestive, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Gagnon-Konamna)., Marshall T; From NOSM University, Thunder Bay, Ont. (Marshall, Elgie, Kirkpatrick, Allen); Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville, Ont. (Allen)., Elgie C; From NOSM University, Thunder Bay, Ont. (Marshall, Elgie, Kirkpatrick, Allen); Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville, Ont. (Allen)., Kirkpatrick R; From NOSM University, Thunder Bay, Ont. (Marshall, Elgie, Kirkpatrick, Allen); Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville, Ont. (Allen)., Allen L; From NOSM University, Thunder Bay, Ont. (Marshall, Elgie, Kirkpatrick, Allen); Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville, Ont. (Allen)., Partyka-Sitnik M; From NOSM University, Thunder Bay, Ont. (Marshall, Elgie, Kirkpatrick, Allen); Muskoka Algonquin Healthcare, Huntsville, Ont. (Allen)., Berberi G; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Hamidi D; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Sharma O; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Fadel E; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Legler J; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Steinberg E; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Mikerov G; From the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Berberi, Hamidi, Sharma, Fadel, Steinberg, Mikerov); Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Legler)., Fatokun I; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Ahmed H; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Behzadi A; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Gazala S; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Qiabi M; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., White J; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Turner S; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Fatokun, Ahmed, White, Turner); University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Behzadi, Gazala); Western University, London, Ont. (Qiabi)., Manuel T; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Huynh O; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Wokes M; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Lum Min SA; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Hancock BJ; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Retrosi G; From the Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Manuel, Huynh, Wokes); Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Lum Min, Hancock, Retrosi)., Forester E; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Rahman F; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Omer M; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Perez G; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., McClurg C; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Johnston A; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Harvey A; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Bayrouti A; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Barr AA; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Ali F; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Guthrie A; From the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer, Bayrouti, Barr, Ali, Guthrie); Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Perez, Johnston, Harvey); Distributed Learning and Rural Initiatives (DLRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McClurg); Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Forrester); Canadian Global Surgery Trainees Alliance (CGSTA), Toronto, Ont. (Forrester, Rahman, Omer)., Azizi N; From the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Azizi, Peramakumar); Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Szasz, Jones, Zevin)., Peramakumar D; From the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Azizi, Peramakumar); Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Szasz, Jones, Zevin)., Szasz P; From the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Azizi, Peramakumar); Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Szasz, Jones, Zevin)., Jones S; From the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Azizi, Peramakumar); Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Szasz, Jones, Zevin)., Zevin B; From the School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Azizi, Peramakumar); Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Szasz, Jones, Zevin)., Patel D; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Patel, Babulic, Winthrop, Mann)., Babulic J; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Patel, Babulic, Winthrop, Mann)., Winthrop A; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Patel, Babulic, Winthrop, Mann)., Mann S; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Patel, Babulic, Winthrop, Mann)., Sims L; From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Sims, Trinder)., Trinder K; From the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask. (Sims, Trinder)., Gwun D; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Tucci V; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., D'Souza A; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Milazzo T; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Voineskos S; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Wallace D; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Wanzel K; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Datta S; From the Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Gwun, Tucci); Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (D'Souza, Milazzo, Voineskos, Wallace, Wanzel, Datta)., Benadda I; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Bouzaglo); Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Gorgy); Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Fraser)., Bouzaglo N; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Bouzaglo); Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Gorgy); Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Fraser)., Gorgy A; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Bouzaglo); Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Gorgy); Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Fraser)., Fraser S; From the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Bouzaglo); Division of Plastic Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Gorgy); Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que. (Fraser)., Mansouri HD; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Mansouri, Tholl, Moise, Thamboo); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Moise, Thamboo)., Tholl S; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Mansouri, Tholl, Moise, Thamboo); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Moise, Thamboo)., Moise A; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Mansouri, Tholl, Moise, Thamboo); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Moise, Thamboo)., Thamboo A; From the Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Mansouri, Tholl, Moise, Thamboo); Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Moise, Thamboo)., Jagannathan A; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Clarke K; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Mazlomyar R; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Satterthwaite L; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Sanchez O; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Dubrowski A; From Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ont. (Jagannathan, Clarke, Mazlomyar, Sanchez, Dubrowski); Surgical Skills Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Satterthwaite)., Penta R; From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Penta, He, Vergis, Hardy); McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Harutyunyan)., Harutyunyan R; From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Penta, He, Vergis, Hardy); McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Harutyunyan)., He W; From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Penta, He, Vergis, Hardy); McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Harutyunyan)., Vergis A; From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Penta, He, Vergis, Hardy); McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Harutyunyan)., Hardy K; From the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. (Penta, He, Vergis, Hardy); McGill University, Montréal, Quebec (Harutyunyan)., Chopra C; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., Yacob S; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., Yang B; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., Laflamme N; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., Laios E; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., Chung W; From Queen's University, Kingston, Ont. (Chopra, Yacob, Yang, Laios, Chung); University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. (Laflamme)., McEwen C; From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Beetham, Jaffer, Bilgic, Sibbald)., Beetham R; From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Beetham, Jaffer, Bilgic, Sibbald)., Jaffer I; From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Beetham, Jaffer, Bilgic, Sibbald)., Bilgic E; From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Beetham, Jaffer, Bilgic, Sibbald)., Sibbald M; From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McEwen, Beetham, Jaffer, Bilgic, Sibbald)., Martineau-Karakach Z; From the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Que. (Hannane, Martineau-Karakach); Department of Otolaryngology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, Bergeron); Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron); CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron)., Delisle É; From the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Que. (Hannane, Martineau-Karakach); Department of Otolaryngology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, Bergeron); Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron); CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron)., Hannane L; From the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Que. (Hannane, Martineau-Karakach); Department of Otolaryngology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, Bergeron); Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron); CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron)., Bergeron M; From the Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Que. (Hannane, Martineau-Karakach); Department of Otolaryngology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Delisle, Bergeron); Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron); CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Que. (Bergeron)., Benadda I; From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Gueyie, Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried); Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried)., Gueyie L; From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Gueyie, Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried); Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried)., Fukumoto M; From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Gueyie, Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried); Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried)., Tokuno J; From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Gueyie, Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried); Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried)., Fried GM; From McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Benadda, Gueyie, Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried); Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montréal, Que. (Fukumoto, Tokuno, Fried)., Aubrey C; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Aubrey, Robrigado, Green, Welykholowa)., Robrigado M; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Aubrey, Robrigado, Green, Welykholowa)., Green N; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Aubrey, Robrigado, Green, Welykholowa)., Welykholowa K; From the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Aubrey, Robrigado, Green, Welykholowa).
Source: Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie [Can J Surg] 2026 Apr 09; Vol. 69 (2suppl1), pp. S1-S15. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 09 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Canadian Medical Association Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 0372715 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1488-2310 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0008428X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Can J Surg Subsets: MEDLINE; In Process
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1488-2310
DOI:10.1503/cjs.006726