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Infant subcortical brain volumes associated with maternal obesity and diabetes: a large multicohort human study.

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Title: Infant subcortical brain volumes associated with maternal obesity and diabetes: a large multicohort human study.
Authors: Alex AM; Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Rasmussen JM; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Tuulari JJ; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland., Sigurdardottir JN; Department of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Buss C; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Berlin, Deutschland.; Deutsches Zentrum Für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Standort Berlin-Potsdam, Deutschland.; Deutsches Zentrum Für Kinder- Und Jugendgesundheit (DZKJ), Standort Berlin, Deutschland., Donald KA; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Edwards AD; Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Entringer S; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Berlin, Deutschland., Gilmore JH; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Groenewold NA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Karlsson H; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland., Karlsson L; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Lawrence KE; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Mattila I; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Stein DJ; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Styner M; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Thompson PM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Wadhwa PD; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA., Zar HJ; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; SA-MRC Unit On Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Zhu X; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA., de Los Campos G; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Department of Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Knickmeyer RC; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. knickmey@msu.edu.; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. knickmey@msu.edu., Luo S; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; USC Keck School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, 2250 Alcazar Street; CSC 215, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.
Corporate Authors: ENIGMA-ORIGINs working group
Source: BMC medicine [BMC Med] 2026 Apr 16; Vol. 24 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 16.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101190723 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1741-7015 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17417015 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Infant subcortical brain volumes associated with maternal obesity and diabetes: a large multicohort human study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alex+AM%22">Alex AM</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA.; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rasmussen+JM%22">Rasmussen JM</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tuulari+JJ%22">Tuulari JJ</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sigurdardottir+JN%22">Sigurdardottir JN</searchLink>; Department of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buss+C%22">Buss C</searchLink>; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Berlin, Deutschland.; Deutsches Zentrum Für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Standort Berlin-Potsdam, Deutschland.; Deutsches Zentrum Für Kinder- Und Jugendgesundheit (DZKJ), Standort Berlin, Deutschland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Donald+KA%22">Donald KA</searchLink>; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Edwards+AD%22">Edwards AD</searchLink>; Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Entringer+S%22">Entringer S</searchLink>; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Berlin, Deutschland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gilmore+JH%22">Gilmore JH</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Groenewold+NA%22">Groenewold NA</searchLink>; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karlsson+H%22">Karlsson H</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karlsson+L%22">Karlsson L</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lawrence+KE%22">Lawrence KE</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mattila+I%22">Mattila I</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stein+DJ%22">Stein DJ</searchLink>; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Styner+M%22">Styner M</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thompson+PM%22">Thompson PM</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wadhwa+PD%22">Wadhwa PD</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zar+HJ%22">Zar HJ</searchLink>; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; SA-MRC Unit On Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhu+X%22">Zhu X</searchLink>; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Los+Campos+G%22">de Los Campos G</searchLink>; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Departments of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; Department of Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Knickmeyer+RC%22">Knickmeyer RC</searchLink>; Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. knickmey@msu.edu.; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. knickmey@msu.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luo+S%22">Luo S</searchLink>; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; USC Keck School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, 2250 Alcazar Street; CSC 215, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.
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