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Infrared thermography and Doppler ultrasonography reveal divergent scrotal thermoregulation strategies in Nelore and composite (5/8 Charolais × 3/8 Bos indicus) beef bulls.

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Title: Infrared thermography and Doppler ultrasonography reveal divergent scrotal thermoregulation strategies in Nelore and composite (5/8 Charolais × 3/8 Bos indicus) beef bulls.
Authors: Ramos GG; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil., Arruda RP; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil., Azevedo GN; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil., Gonçalves JD; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil., Bernardi ACC; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil., Pedroso AF; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil., Pinho LF; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil., Sousa AJC; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil., Feltrin IR; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil., Garcia AR; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandre.garcia@embrapa.br.
Source: Journal of thermal biology [J Therm Biol] 2026 May; Vol. 138, pp. 104466. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 14.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7600115 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0306-4565 (Print) Linking ISSN: 03064565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Therm Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Infrared thermography and Doppler ultrasonography reveal divergent scrotal thermoregulation strategies in Nelore and composite (5/8 Charolais × 3/8 Bos indicus) beef bulls.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramos+GG%22">Ramos GG</searchLink>; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Arruda+RP%22">Arruda RP</searchLink>; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Azevedo+GN%22">Azevedo GN</searchLink>; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gonçalves+JD%22">Gonçalves JD</searchLink>; School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bernardi+ACC%22">Bernardi ACC</searchLink>; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pedroso+AF%22">Pedroso AF</searchLink>; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pinho+LF%22">Pinho LF</searchLink>; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sousa+AJC%22">Sousa AJC</searchLink>; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Feltrin+IR%22">Feltrin IR</searchLink>; School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garcia+AR%22">Garcia AR</searchLink>; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Southeastern Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Av. dos Universitários, s/n, Castanhal, PA, 68746-360, Brazil. Electronic address: alexandre.garcia@embrapa.br.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227600115%22">Journal of thermal biology</searchLink> [J Therm Biol] 2026 May; Vol. 138, pp. 104466. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 14.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Pergamon+Press%22">Pergamon Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>7600115 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>0306-4565 (Print) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203064565%22">03064565 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Therm Biol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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              Text: 2026 May
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