Application of machine learning techniques to explore the occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome in Still's disease: results from the GIRRCS AOSD Study Group and the AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.

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Title: Application of machine learning techniques to explore the occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome in Still's disease: results from the GIRRCS AOSD Study Group and the AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.
Authors: Ruscitti P; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Masedu F; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Vitale A; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy., Caggiano V; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy., Di Cola I; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Atzeni F; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Experimental and Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy., Sbalchiero J; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy., Lopalco G; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Iannone F; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Morrone M; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Iacono D; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Riccio F; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Visconti M; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Gaggiano C; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy., Caso F; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Emmi G; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy.; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia., Hinojosa-Azaola A; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Torres-Ruiz J; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Martín-Nares E; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Guggino G; Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy., La Barbera L; Rheumatology Section, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University Hospital P. Giaccone, Palermo, Italy., Batu ED; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye., Ozen S; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye., Sfikakis PP; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Navarini L; Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.; Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico' School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Rome, Italy., Costa L; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Tufan A; Gazi University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Türkiye., Cakir IY; Gazi University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Türkiye., Perosa F; Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy., Hernández-Rodríguez J; Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Prete M; Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy., Dagna L; Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy., Campochiaro C; Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy., Ursini F; Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Sfriso P; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy., Bindoli S; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy., Giardini HAM; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Fotis L; Department of Pediatrics, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Kourtesi K; Department of Pediatrics, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Ragab G; Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., Ghanema M; Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., Saad MA; Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., Direskeneli H; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye., Karamanakos A; Department of Rheumatology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital, Athens, Greece., Conforti A; U.O. Medicina Generale, Ospedale San Paolo di Civitavecchia, ASL Roma 4, Civitavecchia/Rome, Italy., La Torre F; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology Center, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Frassi M; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy., Govoni M; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna-Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., Parronchi P; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Sarzi-Puttini P; Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-S. Ambrogio, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy., Maggio MC; University Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy., Bugatti S; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy., De Stefano L; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy., Pelizza J; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy., Bartoloni E; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy., Rigante D; Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, Periodic Fever Research Center, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy., Iagnocco A; Academic Rheumatology Centre, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy., Viapiana O; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy., Wiesik-Szewczyk E; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland., Makowska J; Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland., Gündüz ÖS; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye., Erten Ş; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye., Ogunjimi B; Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Center for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.; Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics, Kidz Health Castle Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Jette, Belgium.; Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, Ziekenhuis Aan de Stroom (ZAS), Antwerp, Belgium., Sebastiani GD; UOC di Reumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy., Del Giudice E; Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy., Biancalana E; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Conti G; Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy., AlMaghlouth IA; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; College of Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Breda L; Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy., Gidaro A; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Barone P; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Integrated Maternal-Child and Reproduction Activity, AOU 'Policlinico-San Marco', Catania, Italy., Olivieri AN; Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Carubbi F; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of L'Aquila and ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy., De Paulis A; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Chimenti MS; Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Lo Gullo A; UOSD REUMATOLOGIA, Ospedale Papardo, Messina, Italy., Tharwat S; Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt., Thabet M; Internal Medicine Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, University of Sousse, Faculty of medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia., Moshrif A; Rheumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt., Alessio M; Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy., Mauro A; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy., Suzon B; EpiCliV Research Unit, University of the French West Indies, Martinique University Hospital, Fort-de France, Martinique.; Department of Internal Medicine, Martinique University Hospital, Fort-de France, Martinique., Pucino V; Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy., Boyarchuk O; Department of Children's Diseases and Paediatric Surgery, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine., Kovalchuk T; Department of Children's Diseases and Paediatric Surgery, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine., Bes C; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye., Deniz R; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye., Al-Mayouf SM; Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Cipriani P; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Valenti M; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Balistreri A; Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Fabiani C; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Ciccia F; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy., Montecucco C; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy., Giacomelli R; Clinical and Research Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.; Department of Medicine, University of Rome 'Campus Biomedico' School of Medicine, Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Rome, Italy., Frediani B; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy., Cantarini L; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, Siena, Italy.
Source: Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2026 Apr 14; Vol. 17, pp. 1811317. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 14 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1811317