Mitochondria-targeted metformin analogs activate the ER stress-unfolded protein response pathway to drive apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.

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Title: Mitochondria-targeted metformin analogs activate the ER stress-unfolded protein response pathway to drive apoptosis in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Poimenidou M; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Bobek JM; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Drouillard D; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Harris T; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Solis E; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Darnell C; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., McAllister D; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Keyes RF; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Ishihara-Aoki M; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Aoki K; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Sahoo D; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Kalyanaraman B; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Smith BC; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA., Dwinell MB; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. mdwinell@mcw.edu.; Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. mdwinell@mcw.edu.; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. mdwinell@mcw.edu.; Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. mdwinell@mcw.edu.
Source: Cell death & disease [Cell Death Dis] 2026 May 22; Vol. 17 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 22.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101524092 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-4889 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Death Dis Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:2041-4889
DOI:10.1038/s41419-026-08859-y