Community health worker-led versus facility-based type 2 diabetes care in rural Lesotho: a cluster-randomized trial within the ComBaCaL cohort study.

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Title: Community health worker-led versus facility-based type 2 diabetes care in rural Lesotho: a cluster-randomized trial within the ComBaCaL cohort study.
Authors: Gerber F; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch.; University Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch., Gupta R; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Sanchez-Samaniego G; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Lejone TI; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Tahirsylaj T; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Raeber F; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Saavedra EB; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Esquivel-Valdés I; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Chitja M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Molulela M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Khomolishoele M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Mota M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Bane M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Masike S; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Sematle MP; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Mofokeng M; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Makabateng R; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Mphunyane M; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Sao L; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Tlahali M; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Litaba M; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Basler DB; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Kindler K; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Ayakaka I; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho., Grimm P; SolidarMed Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland.; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Seelig E; Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Chammartin F; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Labhardt ND; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Amstutz A; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; Electronic Health Records Group, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.
Source: BMC medicine [BMC Med] 2026 May 22; Vol. 24 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 22.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101190723 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1741-7015 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17417015 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Community health worker-led versus facility-based type 2 diabetes care in rural Lesotho: a cluster-randomized trial within the ComBaCaL cohort study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerber+F%22">Gerber F</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch.; University Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland. felix.gerber@usb.ch.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gupta+R%22">Gupta R</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Samaniego+G%22">Sanchez-Samaniego G</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lejone+TI%22">Lejone TI</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tahirsylaj+T%22">Tahirsylaj T</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Raeber+F%22">Raeber F</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saavedra+EB%22">Saavedra EB</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Esquivel-Valdés+I%22">Esquivel-Valdés I</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chitja+M%22">Chitja M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Molulela+M%22">Molulela M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khomolishoele+M%22">Khomolishoele M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mota+M%22">Mota M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bane+M%22">Bane M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Masike+S%22">Masike S</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sematle+MP%22">Sematle MP</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mofokeng+M%22">Mofokeng M</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Makabateng+R%22">Makabateng R</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mphunyane+M%22">Mphunyane M</searchLink>; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sao+L%22">Sao L</searchLink>; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tlahali+M%22">Tlahali M</searchLink>; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Litaba+M%22">Litaba M</searchLink>; Ministry of Health Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Basler+DB%22">Basler DB</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kindler+K%22">Kindler K</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ayakaka+I%22">Ayakaka I</searchLink>; SolidarMed Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grimm+P%22">Grimm P</searchLink>; SolidarMed Switzerland, Lucerne, Switzerland.; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Seelig+E%22">Seelig E</searchLink>; Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chammartin+F%22">Chammartin F</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Labhardt+ND%22">Labhardt ND</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Amstutz+A%22">Amstutz A</searchLink>; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.; Electronic Health Records Group, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. alain.amstutz@bristol.ac.uk.
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